实验环境:

(1)Java版本以及模式:

  java version "1.8.0_171"
  Java(TM) SE Runtime Environment (build 1.8.0_171-b11)
  Java HotSpot(TM) 64-Bit Server VM (build 25.171-b11, mixed mode)

(2)垃圾回收器为Parrallel Scanvenge收集器 和 Parrallel Old收集器

(3)CPU:Intel(R) Core(TM) i5-7200U CPU @ 2.50GHz

1、查看基础内存消耗

public class GCTest {
public static void main(String[] args){}
} //使用javac编译并执行java -verbose:gc -Xms20M -Xmx20M -Xmn10M -XX:+PrintGCDetails -XX:SurvivorRatio=8 GCTest
// 日志如下:
Heap
PSYoungGen total 9216K, used 1312K [0x00000000ff600000, 0x0000000100000000, 0x0000000100000000)
eden space 8192K, 16% used [0x00000000ff600000,0x00000000ff748228,0x00000000ffe00000)
from space 1024K, 0% used [0x00000000fff00000,0x00000000fff00000,0x0000000100000000)
to space 1024K, 0% used [0x00000000ffe00000,0x00000000ffe00000,0x00000000fff00000)
ParOldGen total 10240K, used 0K [0x00000000fec00000, 0x00000000ff600000, 0x00000000ff600000)
object space 10240K, 0% used [0x00000000fec00000,0x00000000fec00000,0x00000000ff600000)
Metaspace used 2538K, capacity 4486K, committed 4864K, reserved 1056768K
class space used 278K, capacity 386K, committed 512K, reserved 1048576K

分析日志可知:eden区基础消耗1312K的内存,其中新生代大小为9216K = 8192 + 1024 K,因为 to 区和 from 区只有其中一个能使用。我并不知道基础消耗到哪里去了?有知道的大神告诉我下。

注意:使用cmd命令行执行,基础内存消耗较低,原先使用idea执行基础内存消耗达到2M。

2、新创建的对象内存大于新生代剩余内存将直接分配到老年代

import sun.misc.Unsafe;

import java.lang.reflect.Field;

public class GCTest {
private static Unsafe unsafe; static {
try {
Field field = Unsafe.class.getDeclaredField("theUnsafe");
field.setAccessible(true);
unsafe = (Unsafe) field.get(null);
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
} public static long addressOf(Object o) throws Exception {
Object[] array = new Object[] { o };
long baseOffset = unsafe.arrayBaseOffset(Object[].class);
int addressSize = unsafe.addressSize();
long objectAddress;
switch (addressSize) {
case 4:
objectAddress = unsafe.getInt(array, baseOffset);
break;
case 8:
objectAddress = unsafe.getLong(array, baseOffset);
break;
default:
throw new Error("unsupported address size: " + addressSize);
}
return (objectAddress);
} private static final int _1MB = 1024 * 1024; public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
byte[] allocation1, allocation2, allocation3, allocation4;
allocation1 = new byte[2 * _1MB];
allocation2 = new byte[2 * _1MB];
allocation3 = new byte[2 * _1MB];
allocation4 = new byte[4 * _1MB];
     // 打印对象所在的起始内存地址
System.out.println("allocation1:0x00000000" + Long.toHexString(addressOf(allocation1)));
System.out.println("allocation2:0x00000000" + Long.toHexString(addressOf(allocation2)));
System.out.println("allocation3:0x00000000" + Long.toHexString(addressOf(allocation3)));
System.out.println("allocation4:0x00000000" + Long.toHexString(addressOf(allocation4)));
} } //使用javac编译并执行java -verbose:gc -Xms20M -Xmx20M -Xmn10M -XX:+PrintGCDetails -XX:SurvivorRatio=8 GCTest

// 日志如下:
allocation1:0x00000000ff71f158 // 处于新生代
allocation2:0x00000000ff91f168 // 处于新生代
allocation3:0x00000000ffb1f178 // 处于新生代
allocation4:0x00000000fec00000 // 处于老年代
Heap
PSYoungGen total 9216K, used 7456K [0x00000000ff600000, 0x0000000100000000, 0x0000000100000000)
eden space 8192K, 91% used [0x00000000ff600000,0x00000000ffd48258,0x00000000ffe00000)
from space 1024K, 0% used [0x00000000fff00000,0x00000000fff00000,0x0000000100000000)
to space 1024K, 0% used [0x00000000ffe00000,0x00000000ffe00000,0x00000000fff00000)
ParOldGen total 10240K, used 4096K [0x00000000fec00000, 0x00000000ff600000, 0x00000000ff600000)
object space 10240K, 40% used [0x00000000fec00000,0x00000000ff000010,0x00000000ff600000)
Metaspace used 2568K, capacity 4486K, committed 4864K, reserved 1056768K
class space used 284K, capacity 386K, committed 512K, reserved 1048576K

分析日志可知:Minor GC没有触发,由于新生代剩余大小也放不下allocation4,于是allocation4直接分配到老年代中。

3、Minor GC的触发与过程

import sun.misc.Unsafe;

import java.lang.reflect.Field;

public class GCTest {
private static Unsafe unsafe; static {
try {
Field field = Unsafe.class.getDeclaredField("theUnsafe");
field.setAccessible(true);
unsafe = (Unsafe) field.get(null);
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
} public static long addressOf(Object o) throws Exception {
Object[] array = new Object[] { o };
long baseOffset = unsafe.arrayBaseOffset(Object[].class);
int addressSize = unsafe.addressSize();
long objectAddress;
switch (addressSize) {
case 4:
objectAddress = unsafe.getInt(array, baseOffset);
break;
case 8:
objectAddress = unsafe.getLong(array, baseOffset);
break;
default:
throw new Error("unsupported address size: " + addressSize);
}
return (objectAddress);
} private static final int _1MB = 1024 * 1024; public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
byte[] allocation1, allocation2, allocation3, allocation4;
allocation1 = new byte[2 * _1MB];
allocation2 = new byte[2 * _1MB];
allocation3 = new byte[3 * _1MB]; // 触发Minor GC
allocation4 = new byte[2 * _1MB];
System.out.println("allocation1:0x00000000" + Long.toHexString(addressOf(allocation1)));
System.out.println("allocation2:0x00000000" + Long.toHexString(addressOf(allocation2)));
System.out.println("allocation3:0x00000000" + Long.toHexString(addressOf(allocation3)));
System.out.println("allocation4:0x00000000" + Long.toHexString(addressOf(allocation4)));
} }

// 使用javac编译并执行java -verbose:gc -Xms20M -Xmx20M -Xmn10M -XX:+PrintGCDetails -XX:SurvivorRatio=8 GCTest

// 日志如下:

[GC (Allocation Failure) [PSYoungGen: 5244K->768K(9216K)] 5244K->4872K(19456K), 0.0031067 secs] [Times: user=0.00 sys=0.00, real=0.00 secs]
allocation1:0x00000000fec00000 // 处于老年代
allocation2:0x00000000fee02010 // 处于老年代
allocation3:0x00000000ff600000 // 处于新生代
allocation4:0x00000000ff900010 // 处于新生代
Heap
PSYoungGen total 9216K, used 6129K [0x00000000ff600000, 0x0000000100000000, 0x0000000100000000)
eden space 8192K, 65% used [0x00000000ff600000,0x00000000ffb3c410,0x00000000ffe00000)
from space 1024K, 75% used [0x00000000ffe00000,0x00000000ffec0030,0x00000000fff00000)
to space 1024K, 0% used [0x00000000fff00000,0x00000000fff00000,0x0000000100000000)
ParOldGen total 10240K, used 4104K [0x00000000fec00000, 0x00000000ff600000, 0x00000000ff600000)
object space 10240K, 40% used [0x00000000fec00000,0x00000000ff002020,0x00000000ff600000)
Metaspace used 2569K, capacity 4486K, committed 4864K, reserved 1056768K
class space used 284K, capacity 386K, committed 512K, reserved 1048576K

分析日志:

(1)进行了一次Minor GC,其中新生代占用大小从5244K 减少为 768K,总占用从5244K 减少为 4872K,清理掉的内存大小 5244 - 4872 = 372K,则老年代大小为 5244 - 768 - 372 = 4104K,该值与最终的老年代大小占用相同。新生代的768K为from space持有,因为1024 * 75% = 768K.

(2) Minor GC的触发条件:当Eden区域放不下新创建的对象,但是新生代的剩余空间大于新创建的对象大小时

  放入allocation1和allocation2时: 1314K(基础消耗)+ 2 * 1024K(allocation1)+ 2*1024K(allocation2)= 5410K  小于Eden区

  放入allocation3时: 5410K + 3072K = 8482K 大于Eden区域(8192K) 小于新生代大小(9216K) 此时触发Minor GC

Minor GC的过程:

(1)将存活对象从Eden区将对象转入from区域(如:上述from space的内存占用为768K)。

(2)转移期间,对象太大,将直接进入老年代(如:上述老年代的4104K的内存大小)。

(3)转移后,非存活对象将被清理掉(如:上述372K的内存大小)。

4、Full GC触发与过程

import sun.misc.Unsafe;

import java.lang.reflect.Field;

public class GCTest {
private static Unsafe unsafe; static {
try {
Field field = Unsafe.class.getDeclaredField("theUnsafe");
field.setAccessible(true);
unsafe = (Unsafe) field.get(null);
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
} public static long addressOf(Object o) throws Exception {
Object[] array = new Object[] { o };
long baseOffset = unsafe.arrayBaseOffset(Object[].class);
int addressSize = unsafe.addressSize();
long objectAddress;
switch (addressSize) {
case 4:
objectAddress = unsafe.getInt(array, baseOffset);
break;
case 8:
objectAddress = unsafe.getLong(array, baseOffset);
break;
default:
throw new Error("unsupported address size: " + addressSize);
}
return (objectAddress);
} private static final int _1MB = 1024 * 1024; public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
byte[] allocation1, allocation2, allocation3, allocation4;
allocation1 = new byte[2 * _1MB];
allocation2 = new byte[3 * _1MB]; // 转入老年代时,由于allocation2 大于 allocation1,所以触发了Full GC
allocation3 = new byte[2 * _1MB]; // 触发Minor GC
System.out.println("allocation1:0x00000000" + Long.toHexString(addressOf(allocation1)));
System.out.println("allocation2:0x00000000" + Long.toHexString(addressOf(allocation2)));
System.out.println("allocation3:0x00000000" + Long.toHexString(addressOf(allocation3)));
}
}

// 使用javac编译并执行java -verbose:gc -Xms20M -Xmx20M -Xmn10M -XX:+PrintGCDetails -XX:SurvivorRatio=8 GCTest

日志如下:
[GC (Allocation Failure) [PSYoungGen: 6268K->768K(9216K)] 6268K->5896K(19456K), 0.0036739 secs] [Times: user=0.01 sys=0.05, real=0.02 secs]
[Full GC (Ergonomics) [PSYoungGen: 768K->0K(9216K)] [ParOldGen: 5128K->5750K(10240K)] 5896K->5750K(19456K), [Metaspace: 2559K->2559K(1056768K)],
0.0068489 secs] [Times: user=0.00 sys=0.00, real=0.00 secs]
allocation1:0x00000000fec00000 // 处于老年代
allocation2:0x00000000fee004e8 // 处于老年代
allocation3:0x00000000ff600000 // 处于新生代
Heap
PSYoungGen total 9216K, used 2289K [0x00000000ff600000, 0x0000000100000000, 0x0000000100000000)
eden space 8192K, 27% used [0x00000000ff600000,0x00000000ff83c770,0x00000000ffe00000)
from space 1024K, 0% used [0x00000000ffe00000,0x00000000ffe00000,0x00000000fff00000)
to space 1024K, 0% used [0x00000000fff00000,0x00000000fff00000,0x0000000100000000)
ParOldGen total 10240K, used 5750K [0x00000000fec00000, 0x00000000ff600000, 0x00000000ff600000)
object space 10240K, 56% used [0x00000000fec00000,0x00000000ff19d8e8,0x00000000ff600000)
Metaspace used 2569K, capacity 4486K, committed 4864K, reserved 1056768K
class space used 284K, capacity 386K, committed 512K, reserved 1048576K  

分析日志:
(1)发生一次Minor GC与一次Full GC,第一次Minor GC回收了 6268K - 5896K = 372K 内存,新生代剩余768K内存,这一步和上一个例子相同。
(2)由于allocation1和allocation2的大小大于from space区,所以需要直接转入老年代。但由于allocation2大于allocation1,触发Full GC来防止老年代的空间不足以存放新的对象。
这次GC回收了5896K - 5750K = 146K的内存空间,新生代内存占用变为0K,老年代内存占用添加768K - 146K = 622K。老年代内存占用= 622K+allocation1(2*1024)+allocation2(3*1024) = 5742K (约等于5750K)
多出来的8K,我也不知道在哪里了,有大神知道请告诉我。
(3)allocation3直接放入了Eden区域,新生代最终内存占用为 2048K(约等于2289K)。

Full GC的过程:
(1)一般会触发一次Minor GC,即from space区对象的存活时间较长能够升入老年代。
(2)老年代垃圾回收,将非存活对象回收。

5、总结

(1)Minor GC触发条件:新创建的对象大于Eden区剩余空间,小于新生代剩余空间时触发;Full GC时伴随触发一次。

(2)Full GC触发条件:由新生代转入老年代时,对象内存占用大于平均转入老年代的对象内存占用。  

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