Django入门2:路由系统

1、单一路由对应

　　url(r'^index/', views.index), # FBV
　　url(r'^home/', views.Home.as_view()), # CBV

2、基于正则的路由

 url(r'^detail-(\d+).html', views.detail),

 url(^'^detail-(\d+)-(\d+).html',views.detail),

 '''

 严格按照位置参数的顺序传入参数，如果在实际环境中，def detail(request,nid,uid)在定义时，参数的指定出现差错，则会导致下面的对参数的引用出现错误。

 '''

 url(r'^detail-(?P<nid>\d+)-(?P<uid>\d+).html', views.detail),

 '''

 传参时确保了nid=第一个传入的位置参数，uid=第二个传入的位置参数。

 '''

　　实例1：实现 ?nid={{ id }}的url：

 from django.conf.urls import url

 from django.contrib import admin

 from app01 import views

 urlpatterns = [

     url(r'^admin/', admin.site.urls),

     url(r'^login',views.login),

     url(r'^index',views.index),

     url(r'^detail',views.detail),

     # url(r'^detail-(\d+).html',views.detail),

     url(r'^home',views.Home.as_view()),  #对应类Home的对应方法

 ]

urls.py:

 USER_DICT={

     '':{'name':'root1','email':'root@live.com'},

     '':{'name':'root2','email':'root@live.com'},

     '':{'name':'root3','email':'root@live.com'},

     '':{'name':'root4','email':'root@live.com'},

     '':{'name':'root5','email':'root@live.com'},

 }

 def detail(request):

     nid=request.GET.get('nid',None)

     detail_info=USER_DICT[nid]

     return render(request,'detail.html',{'detail_info':detail_info})

views.py:

 <!DOCTYPE html>

 <html lang="en">

 <head>

     <meta charset="UTF-8">

     <title>Title</title>

 </head>

 <body>

     <h1>详细信息</h1>

     <h6>用户名：{{ detail_info.name }}</h6>

     <h6>邮箱：{{ detail_info.email }}</h6>

 </body>

 </html>

detail.html:

 <!DOCTYPE html>

 <html lang="en">

 <head>

     <meta charset="UTF-8">

     <title>Title</title>

 </head>

 <body>

     <ul>

         {% for k,v in user_dict.items %}

             <li><a target=_blank href="/detail?nid={{ k }}">{{ v.name }}</a></li>

         {% endfor %}

     </ul>

 </body>

 </html>

index.html:

　　实例2：实现url-{{ id }} 以这种方式用正则表达式取页面。

 from django.conf.urls import url

 from django.contrib import admin

 from app01 import views

 urlpatterns = [

     url(r'^admin/', admin.site.urls),

     url(r'^login',views.login),

     url(r'^index',views.index),

     # url(r'^detail',views.detail),

     url(r'^detail-(\d+).html',views.detail),

     url(r'^home',views.Home.as_view()),  #对应类Home的对应方法

 ]

urls.py:

 USER_DICT={

     '':{'name':'root1','email':'root@live.com'},

     '':{'name':'root2','email':'root@live.com'},

     '':{'name':'root3','email':'root@live.com'},

     '':{'name':'root4','email':'root@live.com'},

     '':{'name':'root5','email':'root@live.com'},

 }

 def detail(request,nid):

     # nid=request.GET.get('nid',None)

     detail_info=USER_DICT[nid]

     return render(request,'detail.html',{'detail_info':detail_info})

views.py:

 <!DOCTYPE html>

 <html lang="en">

 <head>

     <meta charset="UTF-8">

     <title>Title</title>

 </head>

 <body>

     <h1>详细信息</h1>

     <h6>用户名：{{ detail_info.name }}</h6>

     <h6>邮箱：{{ detail_info.email }}</h6>

 </body>

 </html>

detail.html:

 <!DOCTYPE html>

 <html lang="en">

 <head>

     <meta charset="UTF-8">

     <title>Title</title>

 </head>

 <body>

     <ul>

         {% for k,v in user_dict.items %}

             <li><a target=_blank href="/detail-{{ k }}.html">{{ v.name }}</a></li>

         {% endfor %}

     </ul>

 </body>

 </html>

index.html:

3、为路由映射设置名称
对URL路由关系进行命名， ***** 以后可以根据此名称生成自己想要的URL *****

 url(r'^asdfasdfasdf/', views.index, name='i1'),

 对应在index.html中：

 <form action="{% url "i1" %}" method="POST">

 url(r'^index/(\d+)/(\d+)/', views.index, name='i2'),

 对应在index.html中：

 <form action="{% url "i2" 1 2 %}" method="POST">

 url(r'^index/(?P<pid>\d+)/(?P<nid>\d+)/', views.index, name='i3'),

 对应在index.html中：

 <form action="{% url "i3" pid=1 nid=9 %}" method="POST">

 # 获取当前的URL

 request.path_info

 # 在函数中生成URL

 def func(request, *args, **kwargs):

 from django.urls import reverse

 url1 = reverse('i1') # asdfasdfasdf/

 url2 = reverse('i2', args=(1,2,)) # index/1/2/

 url3 = reverse('i3', kwargs={'pid': 1, "nid": 9}) # index/1/9/

4、多级路由：根据app对路由规则进行分类
客户端请求先到project/urls.py中进行匹配，匹配到下面的各个app的app/urls.py中。

 from django.conf.urls import url,include

 from django.contrib import admin

 urlpatterns = [

 url(r'^cmdb/', include("app01.urls")),

 url(r'^monitor/', include("app02.urls")),

 ]

project/urls.py

 from django.conf.urls import url,include

 from django.contrib import admin

 from app01 import views

 urlpatterns = [

 url(r'^login/', views.login),

 ]

app01/urls.py

 from django.conf.urls import url,include

 from django.contrib import admin

 from app02 import views

 urlpatterns = [

 url(r'^login/', views.login),

 ]

app02/urls.py

5、默认值

　　url(r'^index/', views.index, {'name': 'root'}),

 def index(request,name):

     print(name)

     return HttpResponse('OK')

views.py

在url中添加额外的参数后，在对应的视图函数中必须设置相应的形式参数name。在执行该方法时会自动传入默认值‘root'作为实参。

6、命名空间

a. project.urls.py

from django.conf.urls import url,include

urlpatterns = [

url(r'^a/', include('app01.urls', namespace='author-polls')),

url(r'^b/', include('app01.urls', namespace='publisher-polls')),

]

b. app01.urls.py

from django.conf.urls import url

from app01 import views

app_name = 'app01'

urlpatterns = [

url(r'^(?P<pk>\d+)/$', views.detail, name='detail')

]

c. app01.views.py

def detail(request, pk):

print(request.resolver_match)

return HttpResponse(pk)

以上定义带命名空间的url之后，使用name生成URL时候，应该如下：

v = reverse('author-polls:detail', kwargs={'pk':11})
{% url 'author-polls:detail' pk=11 %}

django中的路由系统和其他语言的框架有所不同，在django中每一个请求的url都要有一条路由映射，这样才能将请求交给对一个的view中的函数去处理。其他大部分的Web框架则是对一类的url请求做一条路由映射，从而是路由系统变得简洁。

巴特西

Django入门2:路由系统

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