package calculator;

 import java.awt.*;

 import java.awt.event.*;

 import javax.swing.*;

 /**

  * A panel with calculator buttons and a result display.

  */

 public class CalculatorPanel extends JPanel

 {

    private JButton display;

    private JPanel panel;

    private double result;

    private String lastCommand;

    private boolean start;

    public CalculatorPanel()

    {

       setLayout(new BorderLayout());   //设置布局管理器为边框布局管理器

       result = ;

       lastCommand = "=";

       start = true;

       // add the display

       display = new JButton("");       //创建一个按钮为“0”，将其赋给diaplay这个按钮

       display.setEnabled(false);        //将display这个按钮的控件设置为false，意味着这个控件不可用

       add(display, BorderLayout.NORTH); //将display这个按钮添加到边框布局管理器的北位置

      //创建两个动作

       var insert = new InsertAction();

       var command = new CommandAction();

       // add the buttons in a 4 x 4 grid

       panel = new JPanel();     //创建一个新的JPanel对象

       panel.setLayout(new GridLayout(, ));      //创建一个四行四列的网格布局来设置这个面板的布局管理器

      //以下是利用addButton方法来添加相应的按钮

       addButton("", insert);

       addButton("", insert);

       addButton("", insert);

       addButton("/", command);

       addButton("", insert);

       addButton("", insert);

       addButton("", insert);

       addButton("*", command);

       addButton("", insert);

       addButton("", insert);

       addButton("", insert);

       addButton("-", command);

       addButton("", insert);

       addButton(".", insert);

       addButton("=", command);

       addButton("+", command);

       add(panel, BorderLayout.CENTER);    //将panel（面板）添加到BorderLayout（边框布局）的中间

    }

    /**

     * Adds a button to the center panel.

     * @param label the button label

     * @param listener the button listener

     */

    private void addButton(String label, ActionListener listener)

    {

       var button = new JButton(label);   //创建一个新的名为label按钮

       button.addActionListener(listener);   //为按钮添加监听器，监听器对象为listener

       panel.add(button);     //在面板中添加按钮

    }

    /**

     * This action inserts the button action string to the end of the display text.

     */

    //此操作将按钮操作字符串插入到显示文本的末尾

    private class InsertAction implements ActionListener

    {

       public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent event)

       {

          String input = event.getActionCommand();      //通过事件得到动作命令赋给input对象

          if (start)

          {

             display.setText("");

             start = false;

          }

          display.setText(display.getText() + input);

       }

    }

    /**

     * This action executes the command that the button action string denotes.

     */

    // 此操作执行按钮操作字符串所表示的命令。

    private class CommandAction implements ActionListener

    {

       public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent event)

       {

          String command = event.getActionCommand();

          if (start)

          {

             if (command.equals("-"))

             {

                display.setText(command);

                start = false;

             }

             else lastCommand = command;

          }

          else

          {

             calculate(Double.parseDouble(display.getText()));  //Double.parseDouble（）是把通过按钮中获得的文本（数字类型的字符串），转换成double类型

             lastCommand = command;

             start = true;

          }

       }

    }

    /**

     * Carries out the pending calculation.

     * @param x the value to be accumulated with the prior result.

     */

    public void calculate(double x)

    {

       if (lastCommand.equals("+")) result += x;

       else if (lastCommand.equals("-")) result -= x;

       else if (lastCommand.equals("*")) result *= x;

       else if (lastCommand.equals("/")) result /= x;

       else if (lastCommand.equals("=")) result = x;

       display.setText("" + result);

    }

 }

 package calculator;

 import java.awt.*;

 import javax.swing.*;

 /**

  * @version 1.35 2018-04-10

  * @author Cay Horstmann

  */

 public class Calculator

 {

    public static void main(String[] args)

    {

       EventQueue.invokeLater(() -> {

          var frame = new CalculatorFrame();

          frame.setTitle("Calculator");

          frame.setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);

          frame.setVisible(true);

       });

    }

 }

 package calculator;

 import javax.swing.*;

 /**

  * A frame with a calculator panel.

  */

 public class CalculatorFrame extends JFrame

 {

    public CalculatorFrame()

    {

       add(new CalculatorPanel());   //构建一个新的计算器面板添加到计算器框架中

       pack();              //pack()方法用来调整框架的大小，以适合其子组件的首选大小和布局

    }

 }

 package text;

 import java.awt.BorderLayout;

 import java.awt.GridLayout;

 import javax.swing.JButton;

 import javax.swing.JFrame;

 import javax.swing.JLabel;

 import javax.swing.JPanel;

 import javax.swing.JPasswordField;

 import javax.swing.JScrollPane;

 import javax.swing.JTextArea;

 import javax.swing.JTextField;

 import javax.swing.SwingConstants;

 /**

  * A frame with sample text components.

  */

 public class TextComponentFrame extends JFrame

 {

    public static final int TEXTAREA_ROWS = ;

    public static final int TEXTAREA_COLUMNS = ;

    public TextComponentFrame()

    {

       var textField = new JTextField();    //创建一个新的文本域，赋给textField对象

       var passwordField = new JPasswordField();    //创建一个新的密码域，并赋给passwordField对象

       var northPanel = new JPanel();

       northPanel.setLayout(new GridLayout(, ));   //创建一个两行两列的网络布局，将其设置为northPanel的布局管理器

       northPanel.add(new JLabel("User name: ", SwingConstants.RIGHT));   //构建新的标签，将其添加到northPanel中

       northPanel.add(textField);     //将文本域添加到northPanel面板中

       northPanel.add(new JLabel("Password: ", SwingConstants.RIGHT));

       northPanel.add(passwordField);      //将密码域添加到northPanel面板中

       add(northPanel, BorderLayout.NORTH);   //将northPanel添加到边框布局的北位置

       var textArea = new JTextArea(TEXTAREA_ROWS, TEXTAREA_COLUMNS);     //创建一个设置了行与列的文本区

       var scrollPane = new JScrollPane(textArea);      //创建一个滚动窗格，用来显示文本区，当组件内容超过显示范围时，滚动条会自动出现

       add(scrollPane, BorderLayout.CENTER);           //将滚动窗格添加中边框布局的中间位置

       // add button to append text into the text area

       var southPanel = new JPanel();

       var insertButton = new JButton("Insert");

       southPanel.add(insertButton);

       insertButton.addActionListener(event ->

          textArea.append("User name: " + textField.getText() + " Password: "

             + new String(passwordField.getPassword()) + "\n"));   //textArea.append这表示将给定的文本追加到文本区已有文本的尾部

       add(southPanel, BorderLayout.SOUTH);

       pack();

    }

 }

package text;

import java.awt.*;

import javax.swing.*;

/**

 * @version 1.42 2018-04-10

 * @author Cay Horstmann

 */

public class TextComponentTest

{

   public static void main(String[] args)

   {

      EventQueue.invokeLater(() -> {

         var frame = new TextComponentFrame();

         frame.setTitle("TextComponentTest");

         frame.setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);

         frame.setVisible(true);

      });

   }

}

 package checkBox;

 import java.awt.*;

 import javax.swing.*;

 /**

  * @version 1.35 2018-04-10

  * @author Cay Horstmann

  */

 public class CheckBoxTest

 {

    public static void main(String[] args)

    {

       EventQueue.invokeLater(() -> {

          var frame = new CheckBoxFrame();

          frame.setTitle("CheckBoxTest");

          frame.setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);

          frame.setVisible(true);

       });

    }

 }

 package checkBox;

 import java.awt.*;

 import java.awt.event.*;

 import javax.swing.*;

 /**

  * A frame with a sample text label and check boxes for selecting font

  * attributes.

  */

 public class CheckBoxFrame extends JFrame

 {

    private JLabel label;

    private JCheckBox bold;   //复选框

    private JCheckBox italic; //复选框

    private static final int FONTSIZE = ;

    public CheckBoxFrame()

    {

       // add the sample text label

       label = new JLabel("The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog.");   //创建一个新的标签，并赋给label对象

       label.setFont(new Font("Serif", Font.BOLD, FONTSIZE));     //为label设置字体

       add(label, BorderLayout.CENTER);     //将label添加到边框布局的中间位置

       // this listener sets the font attribute of

       // the label to the check box state

     //actionPerformed方法查询bold和italic两个复选框的状态，并且设置面板中的字体

       ActionListener listener = event -> {              //为复选框设置一个动作监听器，两个复选框选用了同一个动作监听器

          int mode = ;

          if (bold.isSelected()) mode += Font.BOLD;       //isSelected方法将返回每个复选框的当前状态

          if (italic.isSelected()) mode += Font.ITALIC;

          label.setFont(new Font("Serif", mode, FONTSIZE));

       };

       // add the check boxes

   //以下是将两个复选框添加到buttonPanel的操作

       var buttonPanel = new JPanel();

       bold = new JCheckBox("Bold");

       bold.addActionListener(listener);

       bold.setSelected(true);

       buttonPanel.add(bold);

       italic = new JCheckBox("Italic");

       italic.addActionListener(listener);

       buttonPanel.add(italic);

       add(buttonPanel, BorderLayout.SOUTH);

       pack();

    }

 }

package radioButton;

import java.awt.*;

import java.awt.event.*;

import javax.swing.*;

/**

 * A frame with a sample text label and radio buttons for selecting font sizes.

 */

public class RadioButtonFrame extends JFrame

{

   private JPanel buttonPanel;

   private ButtonGroup group;

   private JLabel label;

   private static final int DEFAULT_SIZE = ;

   public RadioButtonFrame()

   {

      // add the sample text label

      label = new JLabel("The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog.");

      label.setFont(new Font("Serif", Font.PLAIN, DEFAULT_SIZE));

      add(label, BorderLayout.CENTER);

      // add the radio buttons

      buttonPanel = new JPanel();

      group = new ButtonGroup();   //为单选钮组构造一个ButtonGroup的对象

      //用addRadioButton方法来传递按钮

      addRadioButton("Small", );

      addRadioButton("Medium", );

      addRadioButton("Large", );

      addRadioButton("Extra large", );

      add(buttonPanel, BorderLayout.SOUTH);

      pack();

   }

   /**

    * Adds a radio button that sets the font size of the sample text.

    * @param name the string to appear on the button

    * @param size the font size that this button sets

    */

   public void addRadioButton(String name, int size)

   {

      boolean selected = size == DEFAULT_SIZE;

      var button = new JRadioButton(name, selected);     //为按钮构造一个JRadioButton的对象

      group.add(button);    //将按钮添加到按钮组中

      buttonPanel.add(button);    //将按钮添加按钮面板中

      // this listener sets the label font size

      ActionListener listener = event -> label.setFont(new Font("Serif", Font.PLAIN, size));   //定义了一个动作监听器用来把字体设置为特定值

      button.addActionListener(listener);  //每个单选钮都对应一个不同的监听器对象

   }

}

package radioButton;

import java.awt.*;

import javax.swing.*;

/**

 * @version 1.35 2018-04-10

 * @author Cay Horstmann

 */

public class RadioButtonTest

{

   public static void main(String[] args)

   {

      EventQueue.invokeLater(() -> {

         var frame = new RadioButtonFrame();

         frame.setTitle("RadioButtonTest");

         frame.setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);

         frame.setVisible(true);

      });

   }

}

 package border;

 import java.awt.*;

 import javax.swing.*;

 import javax.swing.border.*;

 /**

  * A frame with radio buttons to pick a border style.

  */

 public class BorderFrame extends JFrame

 {

    private JPanel demoPanel;

    private JPanel buttonPanel;

    private ButtonGroup group;

    public BorderFrame()

    {

       demoPanel = new JPanel();

       buttonPanel = new JPanel();

       group = new ButtonGroup();    //为单选钮组构造一个ButtonGroup的对象

       addRadioButton("Lowered bevel", BorderFactory.createLoweredBevelBorder());  //传递一个具有凹面效果的边框的参数

       addRadioButton("Raised bevel", BorderFactory.createRaisedBevelBorder());  //传递一个具有凸面效果的边框参数

       addRadioButton("Etched", BorderFactory.createEtchedBorder());           //传递一个具有3D效果的直线边框参数

       addRadioButton("Line", BorderFactory.createLineBorder(Color.BLUE));     //传递一个简单的直线边框参数

       addRadioButton("Matte", BorderFactory.createMatteBorder(, , , , Color.BLUE));  //传递一个用color颜色填充的粗边框参数

       addRadioButton("Empty", BorderFactory.createEmptyBorder());     //传递一个空边框参数

       //将一个带有标题的浊刻边框添加到一个按钮面板上

       Border etched = BorderFactory.createEtchedBorder();

       Border titled = BorderFactory.createTitledBorder(etched, "Border types");

       buttonPanel.setBorder(titled);

       setLayout(new GridLayout(, ));   //构建一个两行一列的网络布局来设置布局管理器

       add(buttonPanel);

       add(demoPanel);

       pack();

    }

    public void addRadioButton(String buttonName, Border b)

    {

       var button = new JRadioButton(buttonName);

       button.addActionListener(event -> demoPanel.setBorder(b));    //向按钮添加了动作监听器，动作监听器用来设置组件b的边框

       group.add(button);

       buttonPanel.add(button);

    }

 }

 package border;

 import java.awt.*;

 import javax.swing.*;

 /**

  * @version 1.35 2018-04-10

  * @author Cay Horstmann

  */

 public class BorderTest

 {

    public static void main(String[] args)

    {

       EventQueue.invokeLater(() -> {

          var frame = new BorderFrame();

          frame.setTitle("BorderTest");

          frame.setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);

          frame.setVisible(true);

       });

    }

 }

package comboBox;

import java.awt.BorderLayout;

import java.awt.Font;

import javax.swing.JComboBox;

import javax.swing.JFrame;

import javax.swing.JLabel;

import javax.swing.JPanel;

/**

 * A frame with a sample text label and a combo box for selecting font faces.

 */

public class ComboBoxFrame extends JFrame

{

   private JComboBox<String> faceCombo;    //泛型类组合框

   private JLabel label;

   private static final int DEFAULT_SIZE = ;

   public ComboBoxFrame()

   {

      // add the sample text label

      label = new JLabel("The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog.");

      label.setFont(new Font("Serif", Font.PLAIN, DEFAULT_SIZE));

      add(label, BorderLayout.CENTER);

      // make a combo box and add face names

      faceCombo = new JComboBox<>();

      faceCombo.addItem("Serif");  //调用addItem方法来增加选项

      faceCombo.addItem("SansSerif");

      faceCombo.addItem("Monospaced");

      faceCombo.addItem("Dialog");

      faceCombo.addItem("DialogInput");

      // the combo box listener changes the label font to the selected face name

      faceCombo.addActionListener(event ->

         label.setFont(

            new Font(faceCombo.getItemAt(faceCombo.getSelectedIndex()),   //通过getSelectedIndex方法获取选择的选项，再通过getItemAt方法获取选项的位置，从而设置字体

               Font.PLAIN, DEFAULT_SIZE)));

      // add combo box to a panel at the frame's southern border

     //将组合项添加组合面板上，再将组合面板添加到边框的南位置

      var comboPanel = new JPanel();

      comboPanel.add(faceCombo);

      add(comboPanel, BorderLayout.SOUTH);

      pack();

   }

}

 package comboBox;

 import java.awt.*;

 import javax.swing.*;

 /**

  * @version 1.36 2018-04-10

  * @author Cay Horstmann

  */

 public class ComboBoxTest

 {

    public static void main(String[] args)

    {

       EventQueue.invokeLater(() -> {

          var frame = new ComboBoxFrame();

          frame.setTitle("ComboBoxTest");

          frame.setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);

          frame.setVisible(true);

       });

    }

 }