27倍频运行216MHz主频

合宙开发团队10月11日的提交中开源了AIR32F103的PLL倍频调节的代码, 使得在 Linux 下通过 GCC Arm 工具链也能编译运行216MHz.

代码示例

示例代码位于 Examples/NonFreeRTOS/RCC 下: https://gitee.com/iosetting/air32f103-template/tree/master/Examples/NonFreeRTOS/RCC

编译时遇到的问题

编译器对AIR_RCC_PLLConfig()这个函数的优化会造成PLL设置失败.

这个函数的源代码如下, 可以看到其中会对特定地址(例如 0x40016C00)进行连续的写操作, 编译时如果优化参数不是-O0, 就大概率会将这些写操作合并或调换位置.

uint32_t AIR_RCC_PLLConfig(uint32_t RCC_PLLSource, uint32_t RCC_PLLMul, uint8_t Latency)

{

  uint32_t sramsize = 0;

  uint32_t pllmul = 0;

  FunctionalState pwr_gating_state = 0;

  /* Check the parameters */

  assert_param(IS_RCC_PLL_SOURCE(RCC_PLLSource));

  assert_param(IS_RCC_PLL_MUL(RCC_PLLMul));

  *(uint32_t *)(0x400210F0) = BIT(0);//开启sys_cfg门控

  *(uint32_t *)(0x40016C00) = 0xa7d93a86;//解一、二、三级锁

  *(uint32_t *)(0x40016C00) = 0xab12dfcd;

  *(uint32_t *)(0x40016C00) = 0xcded3526;

  sramsize = *(uint32_t *)(0x40016C18);

  *(uint32_t *)(0x40016C18) = 0x200183FF;//配置sram大小, 将BOOT使用对sram打开

  *(uint32_t *)(0x4002228C) = 0xa5a5a5a5;//QSPI解锁

  SysFreq_Set(RCC_PLLMul,Latency ,0,1);

  RCC->CFGR = (RCC->CFGR & ~0x00030000) | RCC_PLLSource;

  //恢复配置前状态

  *(uint32_t *)(0x40016C18) = sramsize;

  *(uint32_t *)(0x400210F0) = 0;//开启sys_cfg门控

  *(uint32_t *)(0x40016C00) = ~0xa7d93a86;//加一、二、三级锁

  *(uint32_t *)(0x40016C00) = ~0xab12dfcd;

  *(uint32_t *)(0x40016C00) = ~0xcded3526;

  *(uint32_t *)(0x4002228C) = ~0xa5a5a5a5;//QSPI解锁

  return 1;

}

解决的方法

在Keil5下, 可以对 air32f10x_rcc_ex.c 这个文件右键单独设置 AC6 编译选项. AC5可以使用注解, AC6不再支持文件内部单个函数的优化设置
在GCC Arm中, 可以通过 Makefile 对 air32f10x_rcc_ex.c 设置单独的-O0参数, 也可以在代码中增加屏障避免优化(例如在两行代码之间增加__NOP();), 还可以通过int foo(int i) __attribute__((optimize("-O3")));这样的形式, 参考GNU GCC文档

这里采用最后一种, 将库函数修改为

__attribute__((optimize("-O0"))) uint32_t AIR_RCC_PLLConfig(uint32_t RCC_PLLSource, uint32_t RCC_PLLMul, uint8_t Latency)

CoreMark跑分结果

示例中的 CoreMark_256MHz 项目, 可以将AIR32F103运行在最高256MHz主频下, 运行CoreMark性能测试. 以下是分别在 256MHz, 216MHz, 72MHz 不同编译器版本下的测试结果.

32倍频, 256MHz

编译器 GCC11.2.1

SYSCLK: 256000000, HCLK: 256000000, PCLK1: 128000000, PCLK2: 256000000, ADCCLK: 128000000␊

2K performance run parameters for coremark.␊

CoreMark Size    : 666␊

Total ticks      : 17054␊

Total time (secs): 17.054000␊

Iterations/Sec   : 586.372698␊

Iterations       : 10000␊

Compiler version : GCC11.2.1 20220111␊

Compiler flags   : -O3␊

Memory location  : STACK␊

seedcrc          : 0xe9f5␊

[0]crclist       : 0xe714␊

[0]crcmatrix     : 0x1fd7␊

[0]crcstate      : 0x8e3a␊

[0]crcfinal      : 0x988c␊

Correct operation validated. See readme.txt for run and reporting rules.␊

CoreMark 1.0 : 586.372698 / GCC11.2.1 20220111 -O3 / STACK␊

IR32F103 CoreMark␊

编译器 GCC11.3.1, 256MHz

SYSCLK: 256000000, HCLK: 256000000, PCLK1: 128000000, PCLK2: 256000000, ADCCLK: 128000000␊

2K performance run parameters for coremark.␊

CoreMark Size    : 666␊

Total ticks      : 17054␊

Total time (secs): 17.054000␊

Iterations/Sec   : 586.372698␊

Iterations       : 10000␊

Compiler version : GCC11.3.1 20220712␊

Compiler flags   : -O3␊

Memory location  : STACK␊

seedcrc          : 0xe9f5␊

[0]crclist       : 0xe714␊

[0]crcmatrix     : 0x1fd7␊

[0]crcstate      : 0x8e3a␊

[0]crcfinal      : 0x988c␊

Correct operation validated. See readme.txt for run and reporting rules.␊

CoreMark 1.0 : 586.372698 / GCC11.3.1 20220712 -O3 / STACK␊

编译器 GCC12.2.0 256MHz

SYSCLK: 256000000, HCLK: 256000000, PCLK1: 128000000, PCLK2: 256000000, ADCCLK: 128000000␊

2K performance run parameters for coremark.␊

CoreMark Size    : 666␊

Total ticks      : 15822␊

Total time (secs): 15.822000␊

Iterations/Sec   : 632.031349␊

Iterations       : 10000␊

Compiler version : GCC12.2.0␊

Compiler flags   : -O3␊

Memory location  : STACK␊

seedcrc          : 0xe9f5␊

[0]crclist       : 0xe714␊

[0]crcmatrix     : 0x1fd7␊

[0]crcstate      : 0x8e3a␊

[0]crcfinal      : 0x988c␊

Correct operation validated. See readme.txt for run and reporting rules.␊

CoreMark 1.0 : 632.031349 / GCC12.2.0 -O3 / STACK␊

27倍频, 216MHz

GCC11.2.1 216MHz

SYSCLK: 216000000, HCLK: 216000000, PCLK1: 108000000, PCLK2: 216000000, ADCCLK: 108000000␊

2K performance run parameters for coremark.␊

CoreMark Size    : 666␊

Total ticks      : 20213␊

Total time (secs): 20.213000␊

Iterations/Sec   : 494.731114␊

Iterations       : 10000␊

Compiler version : GCC11.2.1 20220111␊

Compiler flags   : -O3␊

Memory location  : STACK␊

seedcrc          : 0xe9f5␊

[0]crclist       : 0xe714␊

[0]crcmatrix     : 0x1fd7␊

[0]crcstate      : 0x8e3a␊

[0]crcfinal      : 0x988c␊

Correct operation validated. See readme.txt for run and reporting rules.␊

CoreMark 1.0 : 494.731114 / GCC11.2.1 20220111 -O3 / STACK␊

GCC11.3.1 216MHz

SYSCLK: 216000000, HCLK: 216000000, PCLK1: 108000000, PCLK2: 216000000, ADCCLK: 108000000␊

2K performance run parameters for coremark.␊

CoreMark Size    : 666␊

Total ticks      : 20213␊

Total time (secs): 20.213000␊

Iterations/Sec   : 494.731114␊

Iterations       : 10000␊

Compiler version : GCC11.3.1 20220712␊

Compiler flags   : -O3␊

Memory location  : STACK␊

seedcrc          : 0xe9f5␊

[0]crclist       : 0xe714␊

[0]crcmatrix     : 0x1fd7␊

[0]crcstate      : 0x8e3a␊

[0]crcfinal      : 0x988c␊

Correct operation validated. See readme.txt for run and reporting rules.␊

CoreMark 1.0 : 494.731114 / GCC11.3.1 20220712 -O3 / STACK␊

GCC12.2.0 216MHz

SYSCLK: 216000000, HCLK: 216000000, PCLK1: 108000000, PCLK2: 216000000, ADCCLK: 108000000␊

2K performance run parameters for coremark.␊

CoreMark Size    : 666␊

Total ticks      : 18753␊

Total time (secs): 18.753000␊

Iterations/Sec   : 533.248014␊

Iterations       : 10000␊

Compiler version : GCC12.2.0␊

Compiler flags   : -O3␊

Memory location  : STACK␊

seedcrc          : 0xe9f5␊

[0]crclist       : 0xe714␊

[0]crcmatrix     : 0x1fd7␊

[0]crcstate      : 0x8e3a␊

[0]crcfinal      : 0x988c␊

Correct operation validated. See readme.txt for run and reporting rules.␊

CoreMark 1.0 : 533.248014 / GCC12.2.0 -O3 / STACK␊

编译器 AC6 (GCCClang 15.0.0) 216MHz

SYSCLK: 216.0Mhz, HCLK: 216.0Mhz, PCLK1: 108.0Mhz, PCLK2: 216.0Mhz, ADCCLK: 108.0Mhz

2K performance run parameters for coremark.

CoreMark Size    : 666

Total ticks      : 16328

Total time (secs): 16.328000

Iterations/Sec   : 612.444880

Iterations       : 10000

Compiler version : GCCClang 15.0.0

Compiler flags   : -O3

Memory location  : STACK

seedcrc          : 0xe9f5

[0]crclist       : 0xe714

[0]crcmatrix     : 0x1fd7

[0]crcstate      : 0x8e3a

[0]crcfinal      : 0x988c

Correct operation validated. See readme.txt for run and reporting rules.

CoreMark 1.0 : 612.444880 / GCCClang 15.0.0 -O3 / STACK

9倍频, 72MHz

编译器 GCC11.2.1 72MHz

SYSCLK: 72000000, HCLK: 72000000, PCLK1: 36000000, PCLK2: 72000000, ADCCLK: 36000000␊

2K performance run parameters for coremark.␊

CoreMark Size    : 666␊

Total ticks      : 60677␊

Total time (secs): 60.677000␊

Iterations/Sec   : 164.807093␊

Iterations       : 10000␊

Compiler version : GCC11.2.1 20220111␊

Compiler flags   : -O3␊

Memory location  : STACK␊

seedcrc          : 0xe9f5␊

[0]crclist       : 0xe714␊

[0]crcmatrix     : 0x1fd7␊

[0]crcstate      : 0x8e3a␊

[0]crcfinal      : 0x988c␊

Correct operation validated. See readme.txt for run and reporting rules.␊

CoreMark 1.0 : 164.807093 / GCC11.2.1 20220111 -O3 / STACK␊

编译器 GCC11.3.1 72MHz

SYSCLK: 72000000, HCLK: 72000000, PCLK1: 36000000, PCLK2: 72000000, ADCCLK: 36000000␊

2K performance run parameters for coremark.␊

CoreMark Size    : 666␊

Total ticks      : 60677␊

Total time (secs): 60.677000␊

Iterations/Sec   : 164.807093␊

Iterations       : 10000␊

Compiler version : GCC11.3.1 20220712␊

Compiler flags   : -O3␊

Memory location  : STACK␊

seedcrc          : 0xe9f5␊

[0]crclist       : 0xe714␊

[0]crcmatrix     : 0x1fd7␊

[0]crcstate      : 0x8e3a␊

[0]crcfinal      : 0x988c␊

Correct operation validated. See readme.txt for run and reporting rules.␊

CoreMark 1.0 : 164.807093 / GCC11.3.1 20220712 -O3 / STACK␊

编译器 GCC12.2.0 72MHz

SYSCLK: 72000000, HCLK: 72000000, PCLK1: 36000000, PCLK2: 72000000, ADCCLK: 36000000␊

2K performance run parameters for coremark.␊

CoreMark Size    : 666␊

Total ticks      : 56293␊

Total time (secs): 56.293000␊

Iterations/Sec   : 177.641980␊

Iterations       : 10000␊

Compiler version : GCC12.2.0␊

Compiler flags   : -O3␊

Memory location  : STACK␊

seedcrc          : 0xe9f5␊

[0]crclist       : 0xe714␊

[0]crcmatrix     : 0x1fd7␊

[0]crcstate      : 0x8e3a␊

[0]crcfinal      : 0x988c␊

Correct operation validated. See readme.txt for run and reporting rules.␊

CoreMark 1.0 : 177.641980 / GCC12.2.0 -O3 / STACK␊

巴特西

AIR32F103(四) 27倍频216MHz,CoreMark跑分测试

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