#include <iostream>

#include <cstdio>

#include <queue>

#include <algorithm>

#include <cmath>

#include <cstring>

#define inf 2147483647

#define N 1000010

#define p(a) putchar(a)

#define For(i,a,b) for(long long i=a;i<=b;++i)

using namespace std;

long long n;

void in(long long &x){

    long long y=;char c=getchar();x=;

    while(c<''||c>''){if(c=='-')y=-;c=getchar();}

    while(c<=''&&c>=''){ x=(x<<)+(x<<)+c-'';c=getchar();}

    x*=y;

}

void o(long long x){

    if(x<){p('-');x=-x;}

    if(x>)o(x/);

    p(x%+'');

}

long long ksm(long long a,long long b){

    long long r=;

    while(b>){

        if(b&)

            r=r*a;

        a=a*a;

        b>>=;

    }

    return r;

}

int main(){

    in(n);

    o((*n-)*ksm(,n-));

    return ;

}