编写脚本实现DHCP服务与DHCP中继自动化执行

本脚本是在liunx搭建DHCP服务器以及DHCP中继服务器实验环境下实现的https://www.cnblogs.com/yuzly/p/10539317.html

源码如下:

#!/bin/bash

#该脚本用于自动化配置DHCP服务器以及DHCP中继

#作者:雨中落叶

#博客:https://www.cnblogs.com/yuzly/

echo "****************************

.部署DHCP服务器

.部署网关

.部署DHCP中继

****************************"

read -p "请输入部署选项:" Num

case $Num in

)

  #DHCP服务器配置

  #关闭防火墙避免影响实验

  service iptables stop &>/dev/null

  setenforce

  #.获取用户输入的DHCP服务器的相关网络参数

  read -p "请输入DHCP服务器的IP地址:" IP

  read -p "请输入DHCP服务器的子网掩码:" MASK

  read -p "请输入DHCP服务器的网关地址:" GW

  read -p "请输入DHCP服务器的首选DNS地址:" DNS1

  read -p "请输入DHCP服务器的辅助DNS地址:" DNS2

  #.设置DHCP服务器的网卡IP地址

  ETH=$(ifconfig | grep "^eth" | awk '{print $1}')

  MAC=$(ifconfig | grep "^eth" | awk '{print $5}')

  echo "DEVICE=$ETH

    HWADDR=$MAC

    TYPE=Ethernet

    ONBOOT=yes

    BOOTPROTO=static

    IPADDR=$IP

    NETMASK=$MASK

    GATEWAY=$GW

    DNS1=$DNS1

    DNS2=$DNS2" >/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-$ETH

  #重启网络服务

  #service NetworkManager stop

  #为了防止下次启动时，该服务重新启动，解决方法： chkconfig NetworkManager off再重启网卡，就可以了,启动网络服务报错然后用ifdown eth1 ifdown eth1报错,只能关闭NetworkManager服务来解决

  service NetworkManager stop

  service network restart

  #.检测是否安装DHCP服务,配置DHCP服务

  #定义函数

  dhpool(){

    #配置dhcp地址池1

    echo "******配置DHCP地址池1**********"

    read -p "请输入DHCP作用域网段:" DHNET

    read -p "请输入DHCP作用域网段的子网掩码:" DHMASK

    read -p  "请输入地址池开始IP地址:" DHIP1

    read -p "请输入地址池结束IP地址:" DHIP2

    read -p "请输入DNS:" DHDNS

    read -p "请输入网关地址:" DHGW

    read -p "请输入广播地址:" DHB

    #把dhcp配置模板中部分需要的内容复制到dhcp的配置文件中

    conf=/etc/dhcp/dhcpd.conf

    grep -v "#" /usr/share/doc/dhcp-4.1./dhcpd.conf.sample | grep -v "^$" | sed -n '17,25p' >$conf

    #修改dhcp配置文件

    sub=$(grep subnet $conf |awk '{print $2}')

    submask=$(grep subnet $conf |awk '{print $4}')

    range1=$(grep range $conf | awk '{print $2}')

    range2=$(grep range $conf | awk '{print $3}' | awk -F";"  '{print $1}')

    dns=$(grep domain-name-servers $conf |awk '{print $3}'|awk -F";" '{print $1}')

    gw=$(grep routers $conf | awk '{print $3}' | awk -F";" '{print $1}')

    broadcast=$(grep broadcast-address $conf | awk '{print $3}'|awk -F";" '{print $1}')

    #sed -i 是替换字符串

    sed -i "s/$sub/$DHNET/g" $conf

    sed -i "s/$submask/$DHMASK/g" $conf

    sed -i "s/$range1/$DHIP1/g" $conf

    sed -i "s/$range2/$DHIP2/g" $conf

    sed -i "s/$dns/$DHDNS/g" $conf

    sed -i "s/$gw/$DHGW/g" $conf

    sed -i "s/$broadcast/$DHB/g" $conf

    #配置dncp地址池2

    echo "******配置DHCP地址池2*********"

    read -p "请输入DHCP作用域网段:" dhNET

    read -p "请输入DHCP作用域网段的子网掩码:" dhMASK

    read -p  "请输入地址池开始IP地址:" dhIP1

    read -p "请输入地址池结束IP地址:" dhIP2

    read -p "请输入DNS:" dhDNS

    read -p "请输入网关地址:" dhGW

    read -p "请输入广播地址:" dhB

    #把dhcp配置模板中部分需要的内容复制到dhcp的配置文件中

    conf=/etc/dhcp/dhcpd.conf

    grep -v "#" /usr/share/doc/dhcp-4.1./dhcpd.conf.sample | grep -v "^$" | sed -n '17,25p' >>$conf

    #修改dhcp配置文件

    sub1=$(grep subnet $conf |awk '{print $2}' | sed -n 2p)

    submask1=$(grep subnet $conf |awk '{print $4}'| sed -n 2p)

    range11=$(grep range $conf | awk '{print $2}'| sed -n 2p)

    range22=$(grep range $conf | awk '{print $3}'| sed -n 2p | awk -F";"  '{print $1}')

    dns1=$(grep domain-name-servers $conf |awk '{print $3}'|awk -F";" '{print $1}'|sed -n 2p)

    gw1=$(grep routers $conf | awk '{print $3}' | awk -F";" '{print $1}'| sed -n 2p)

    broadcast1=$(grep broadcast-address $conf | awk '{print $3}'|awk -F";" '{print $1}'|sed -n 2p)

    #sed -i 是替换字符串

    sed -i "10,18s/$sub1/$dhNET/g" $conf

    sed -i "10,18s/$submask1/$dhMASK/g" $conf

    sed -i "10,18s/$range11/$dhIP1/g" $conf

    sed -i "10,18s/$range22/$dhIP2/g" $conf

    sed -i "10,18s/$dns1/$dhDNS/g" $conf

    sed -i "10,18s/$gw1/$dhGW/g" $conf

    sed -i "10,18s/$broadcast1/$dhB/g" $conf

    echo "********************************************"

    read -p  "是否给指定主机分配指定IP(y/n):" zhiding

    #注意=两边各有一个空格，这是unix shell的要求

    if [ $zhiding = "y" ]

    then

      read -p  "请输入要指定的主机的MAC地址：" zMAC

      read -p  "请输入要给主机指定分配的IP(IP必须在地址池内):" zIP

      echo "host joe {

                    hardware ethernet $zMAC;

                    fixed-address $zIP;

                  }" >>$conf

    fi

    #启动dhcp服务

    service dhcpd start

    }

  n=$(rpm -qa | grep dhcp |wc -l)

  if [ $n -eq  ]

  then

    #调用函数

    dhpool

  else

    #挂载光盘，开始安装dhcp服务

    echo "当前电脑没有安装dhcp服务,开始安装....."

    mount /dev/sr0 /mnt &>/dev/null

    rpm -ivh /mnt/Packages/dhcp-4.1.-.P1.el6.x86_64.rpm &>/dev/null

    echo "dhcp服务安装完成!"

    #调用函数

    dhpool

  fi

;;

)

  #网关服务器配置

  service iptables stop &>/dev/null

  setenforce

  #.获取用户输入的网关服务器的相关网络参数

  ETH1=$(ifconfig | grep "^eth" |awk '{print $1}'|sed -n 1p)

  ETH2=$(ifconfig | grep "^eth" |awk '{print $1}'|sed -n 2p)

  GWMAC1=$(ifconfig |grep "^eth" |sed -n 1p |awk '{print $5}')

  GWMAC2=$(ifconfig |grep "^eth" |sed -n 2p |awk '{print $5}')

  read -p "请输入网关服务器的$ETH1接口IP地址:" GWIP1

  read -p "请输入网关服务器的$ETH1接口IP地址的子网掩码:" GWMASK1

  read -p "请输入网关服务器的$ETH1接口首选DNS地址:" GWDNS1

  read -p "请输入网关服务器的$ETH1接口辅助DNS地址:" GWDNS2

  read -p "请输入网关服务器的$ETH2接口IP地址:" GWIP2

  read -p "请输入网关服务器的$ETH2接口IP地址的子网掩码:" GWMASK2

  read -p "请输入网关服务器的$ETH2接口首选DNS地址:"  GWDNS11

  read -p "请输入网关服务器的$ETH2接口辅助DNS地址:" GWDNS22

  #设置网关服务器的IP地址

  echo "DEVICE=$ETH1

  HWADDR=$GWMAC1

  TYPE=Ethernet

  ONBOOT=yes

  BOOTPROTO=static

  IPADDR=$GWIP1

  NETMASK=$GWMASK1

  DNS1=$GWDNS1

  DNS2=$GWDNS2" >/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-$ETH1 

  echo "DEVICE=$ETH2

  HWADDR=$GWMAC2

  TYPE=Ethernet

  ONBOOT=yes

  BOOTPROTO=static

  IPADDR=$GWIP2

  NETMASK=$GWMASK2

  DNS1=$GWDNS11

  DNS2=$GWDNS22" >/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-$ETH2

  #重启网络服务

  service NetworkManager stop

  service network restart

  #开启路由转发功能,在内核中配置,然后sysctl -p使内核配置生效

  sed -i "s/net.ipv4.ip_forward = 0/net.ipv4.ip_forward = 1/g" /etc/sysctl.conf

  sysctl -p &>/dev/null

;;

)

  #DHCP中继服务器配置

  service iptables stop >/dev/null

  setenforce

  #.获取用户输入的DHCP中继服务器的相关网络参数

   DHRETH=$(ifconfig | grep "^eth" | awk '{print $1}')

   DHRMAC=$(ifconfig | grep "^eth" | awk '{print $5}')

  read -p "请输入DHCP中继服务器的IP地址:" DHRIP

  read -p "请输入DHCP中继服务器的子网掩码:" DHRMASK

  read -p "请输入DHCP中继服务器的网关地址:" DHRGW

  read -p "请输入DHCP中继服务器的首选DNS地址:" DHRDNS1

  read -p "请输入DHCP中继服务器的辅助DNS地址:" DHRDNS2

  #设置DHCP中继服务器的IP地址

  echo "DEVICE=$DHRETH

    HWADDR=$DHRMAC

    TYPE=Ethernet

    ONBOOT=yes

    BOOTPROTO=static

    IPADDR=$DHRIP

    NETMASK=$DHRMASK

    GATEWAY=$DHRGW

    DNS1=$DHRDNS1

    DNS2=$DHRDNS2" >/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-$DHRETH

  #重启网络服务

  service NetworkManager stop

  service network restart

  #DHCP中继配置

  n1=$(rpm -qa | grep dhcp |wc -l)

  if [ $n1 -eq  ]

  then

  read -p "请输入要中继的dhcp服务器的IP地址:" dhcrelayip

  sed -i "s/INTERFACES=\"\"/INTERFACES=\"$DHRETH\"/g" /etc/sysconfig/dhcrelay

  sed -i "s/DHCPSERVERS=\"\"/DHCPSERVERS=\"$dhcrelayip\"/g" /etc/sysconfig/dhcrelay

  else

    echo "当前电脑没有安装dhcp服务,安装中......"

    mount /dev/sr0 /mnt &>/dev/null

    rpm -ivh /mnt/Packages/dhcp-4.1.-.P1.el6.x86_64.rpm &>/dev/null

    echo "dhcp服务安装完成!"

    read -p "请输入要中继的dhcp服务器的IP地址:" dhcrelayip

    sed -i "s/INTERFACES=\"\"/INTERFACES=\"$DHRETH\"/g" /etc/sysconfig/dhcrelay

    sed -i "s/DHCPSERVERS=\"\"/DHCPSERVERS=\"$dhcrelayip\"/g" /etc/sysconfig/dhcrelay

  fi

  #启动dhcp中继服务

  service dhcrelay start

;;

*)

 echo "输入错误,请输入相应的数字!"

;;

esac

1.在dhcp server端执行脚本

2.测试dhcp server是否搭建成功，当然也可以看dhcp配置文件看看脚本有没有写进去,注意这里设置了指定分配IP给特定主机，下图可以看到没有从起始IP开始分配，而是分配到了特定的IP

3.　在网关服务器上布置网关配置 #记得开启路由转发功能

4.查看是否配置成功　

5.　在DHCP中继服务器上配置　

6.测试DHCP中继是否配置成功

注意：

本次实验为例避免不必要的因素干扰实验，需要关闭防火墙,service iptables stop 关闭linux系统安全措施 setenforce 0

本次实验可能会出现的问题，redhat系统可能会出现重启网络服务(service network start)，重启失败，提示“激活连接失败”，通过ifdown、ifup或者ifconfig ethx down ifconfig ethx up 还是报错,提示激活连接失败，这时可能是因为network服务与NetworkManager服务可能存在冲突,关闭NetworkManager服务即可(service NetworkManager stop)

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

liunx搭建DHCP服务器以及DHCP中继服务器：https://www.cnblogs.com/yuzly/p/10539317.html

巴特西

编写脚本实现DHCP服务与DHCP中继自动化执行

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