QT5中已经增加了串口类QSrialPort，可以直接调用API函数进行快速开发。

　　注意qmake那边:QT += serialport。要把QT += serialport在加到.pro文件中

1. 获取串口信息

Dialog::Dialog(QWidget *parent)

    : QDialog(parent)

{

    const auto infos = QSerialPortInfo::availablePorts();

    for (const QSerialPortInfo &info : infos)

        serialPortComboBox->addItem(info.portName());

}
  • QSerialPortInfo::availablePorts()

函数的功能时会检测当前电脑上串行端口，并且返回系统上串行端口的信息。

之后将获取到的信息加入Qcombobox下拉选项框中。本例中只添加了串口的名字即COM4。

2.设置串口参数并开启串口

void Dialog::openSerial()

{

    if(runButton->text() == tr("开启"))

    {

        serial = new QSerialPort();

        //port name

        serial->setPortName(serialPortComboBox->currentText());

        //open

        serial->open(QIODevice::ReadWrite);

        serial->setBaudRate();

        serial->setDataBits(QSerialPort::Data8);

        serial->setStopBits(QSerialPort::OneStop);

        serial->setFlowControl(QSerialPort::NoFlowControl);


　　　　 /* 一定要写，不然串口接收不到数据 */

        connect(serial, SIGNAL(readyRead()), this, SLOT(readParam()));

        runButton->setText("关闭");

    }

    else

    {

        serial->clear();

        serial->close();

        serial->deleteLater();

        runButton->setText("开启");

    }

}connect(serial, SIGNAL(readyRead()), this, SLOT(readParam()));
　　该函数是启动串口接收功能。即当串口有数据时，readyRead（）信号就会被抛出。对应的readParam（）即QT中所定义的槽就会被调用。

注意：
　　readyRead（）信号是有数据就直接抛出，在实际数据交互中，往往一帧数据有很多字节。这意味着我们一帧数据数据会触发多次信号。应当在对数据进行操作时候对数据进行校验。


3.串口发送数据
serial->write(sendData);

sendData为QByteArray类所创建的对象，即数据缓存区。

4.串口接收数据
g_RecBuf.append(serial->readAll());

　　readAll函数会读取当前设备所有剩余数据，并将它作为字节数组返回。

以上实例源码：

dialog.cpp

#include "dialog.h"

#include <QDebug>

#include <QThread>

#include <QTimer>

Dialog::Dialog(QWidget *parent)

    : QDialog(parent)

{

    serialPortComboBox = new QComboBox();

    readParaBox = new QComboBox();

    writeParaBox = new QComboBox();

    runButton = new QPushButton(tr("开启"));

    readPara = new QPushButton(tr("读取参数"));

    writePara = new QPushButton(tr("下发参数"));

    onlyOneRead = new QPushButton(tr("一键读取"));

    onlyOneWrite = new QPushButton(tr("一键下发"));

    cmd = readFlag;

    timer = new QTimer();

    /* add comprot into combobox item */

    const auto infos = QSerialPortInfo::availablePorts();

    for (const QSerialPortInfo &info : infos)

        serialPortComboBox->addItem(info.portName());

    readParaBox->addItem(tr("读取参数地址1"));

    readParaBox->addItem(tr("读取参数地址2"));

    readParaBox->addItem(tr("读取参数地址3"));

    readParaBox->addItem(tr("读取参数地址4"));

    readParaBox->addItem(tr("读取参数地址5"));

    writeParaBox->addItem(tr("下发参数地址1"));

    writeParaBox->addItem(tr("下发参数地址2"));

    writeParaBox->addItem(tr("下发参数地址3"));

    writeParaBox->addItem(tr("下发参数地址4"));

    writeParaBox->addItem(tr("下发参数地址5"));

    auto mainLayout = new QGridLayout;

    mainLayout->addWidget(serialPortComboBox, 0, 0);

    mainLayout->addWidget(runButton, 0, 1);

    mainLayout->addWidget(readParaBox,1,0);

    mainLayout->addWidget(readPara, 1, 1);

    mainLayout->addWidget(writeParaBox,2,0);

    mainLayout->addWidget(writePara, 2, 1);

    mainLayout->addWidget(onlyOneRead,3,0);

    mainLayout->addWidget(onlyOneWrite,3,1);

    setLayout(mainLayout);

    connect(runButton, &QPushButton::clicked, this, &Dialog::openSerial);

    connect(readPara, &QPushButton::clicked, this, &Dialog::sendCmd);

    connect(writePara, &QPushButton::clicked, this, &Dialog::writeParam);

    connect(timer, SIGNAL(timeout()), this, SLOT(timerStop()));

    connect(onlyOneRead,&QPushButton::clicked,this,&Dialog::oneRead);

    connect(onlyOneWrite,&QPushButton::clicked,this,&Dialog::oneWrite);

}

void Dialog::openSerial()

{

    if(runButton->text() == tr("开启"))

    {

        serial = new QSerialPort();

        //port name

        serial->setPortName(serialPortComboBox->currentText());

        //open

        serial->open(QIODevice::ReadWrite);

        serial->setBaudRate(115200);

        serial->setDataBits(QSerialPort::Data8);

        serial->setStopBits(QSerialPort::OneStop);

        serial->setFlowControl(QSerialPort::NoFlowControl);

        connect(serial, SIGNAL(readyRead()), this, SLOT(readParam()));

        runButton->setText("关闭");

    }

    else

    {

        serial->clear();

        serial->close();

        serial->deleteLater();

        runButton->setText("开启");

    }

}

void Dialog::writeParam(void)

{

    QByteArray sendData;

    sendData.resize(1026);

    QString strWriteFile = writeParaBox->currentText();

    strWriteFile.append(".dat");

    if(strWriteFile == "下发参数地址1.dat")

    {

        file.setFileName("读取参数地址1.dat");

        if(file.open(QFile::ReadOnly))

        {

            sendData = file.readAll();

            serial->write(sendData);

        }

    }

    else if(strWriteFile == "下发参数地址2.dat")

    {

        file.setFileName("读取参数地址2.dat");

        if(file.open(QFile::ReadOnly))

        {

            sendData = file.readAll();

            serial->write(sendData);

        }

    }

    else if(strWriteFile == "下发参数地址3.dat")

    {

        file.setFileName("读取参数地址3.dat");

        if(file.open(QFile::ReadOnly))

        {

            sendData = file.readAll();

            serial->write(sendData);

        }

    }

    else if(strWriteFile == "下发参数地址4.dat")

    {

        file.setFileName("读取参数地址4.dat");

        if(file.open(QFile::ReadOnly))

        {

            sendData = file.readAll();

            serial->write(sendData);

        }

    }

    else if(strWriteFile == "下发参数地址5.dat")

    {

        file.setFileName("读取参数地址5.dat");

        if(file.open(QFile::ReadOnly))

        {

            sendData = file.readAll();

            serial->write(sendData);

        }

    }

    file.close();

    sendData.clear();

}

void Dialog::timerStop(void)

{

    g_RecBuf.prepend(0xBB);

    timer->stop();

    {

        QByteArray leftAck = g_RecBuf.left(2);

        QByteArray rightAck = g_RecBuf.right(1);

        QByteArray byte1;

        QByteArray byte2;

        byte1.append(0xBB);

        byte1.append(0xAA);

        byte2.append(0xFF);

        if(g_RecBuf.size() > 30)

        {

            Dialog::saveDataToFile(g_RecBuf);

        }

        else if(leftAck == byte1 && rightAck == byte2 && cmd == writeFlag)

        {

            cmd = readFlag;

            msglabel = new QLabel();

            QMessageBox::question(this,tr("提示"),tr("下发参数成功"), QMessageBox::Ok);

        }

    }

    g_RecBuf.clear();

}

void Dialog::readParam()

{

    timer->start(100);

    g_RecBuf.append(serial->readAll());

}

/* Function: Dialog::saveDataToFile

 * Describe: Save the data from serial into File

*/

void Dialog::saveDataToFile(QByteArray &data)

{

    if(cmd == readFlag)

    {

        QString strFileName = readParaBox->currentText();

        file.setFileName(strFileName.append(".dat"));

        if(file.open(QFile::WriteOnly))

        {

            file.write(data);

        }

        file.close();

    }

    if(cmd != readFlag)

    {

        switch (cmd) {

        case cmd1:

            file.setFileName("读取参数地址1.dat");

            if(file.open(QFile::WriteOnly))

            {

                file.write(data);

            }

            file.close();

            Dialog::oneRead();

            break;

        case cmd2:

            file.setFileName("读取参数地址2.dat");

            if(file.open(QFile::WriteOnly))

            {

                file.write(data);

            }

            file.close();

            Dialog::oneRead();

            break;

        case cmd3:

            file.setFileName("读取参数地址3.dat");

            if(file.open(QFile::WriteOnly))

            {

                file.write(data);

            }

            file.close();

            Dialog::oneRead();

            break;

        case cmd4:

            file.setFileName("读取参数地址4.dat");

            if(file.open(QFile::WriteOnly))

            {

                file.write(data);

            }

            file.close();

            Dialog::oneRead();

            break;

        case cmd5:

            file.setFileName("读取参数地址5.dat");

            if(file.open(QFile::WriteOnly))

            {

                file.write(data);

            }

            file.close();

            cmd = readFlag;

            break;

        default:

            break;

        }

    }

}

void Dialog::sendCmd(void)

{

    QByteArray sendpara;

    unsigned char zero = 0x00;

    if(readParaBox->currentText() == tr("读取参数地址1"))

    {

        sendpara.append(0xAA);

        sendpara.append(0x33);

        sendpara.append(0x01);

        sendpara.append(zero);

        sendpara.append(zero);

        sendpara.append(zero);

        sendpara.append(0xFF);

    }

    else if(readParaBox->currentText() == tr("读取参数地址2"))

    {

        sendpara.append(0xAA);

        sendpara.append(0x33);

        sendpara.append(0x02);

        sendpara.append(zero);

        sendpara.append(zero);

        sendpara.append(zero);

        sendpara.append(0xFF);

    }

    else if(readParaBox->currentText() == tr("读取参数地址3"))

    {

        sendpara.append(0xAA);

        sendpara.append(0x33);

        sendpara.append(0x03);

        sendpara.append(zero);

        sendpara.append(zero);

        sendpara.append(zero);

        sendpara.append(0xFF);

    }

    else if(readParaBox->currentText() == tr("读取参数地址4"))

    {

        sendpara.append(0xAA);

        sendpara.append(0x33);

        sendpara.append(0x04);

        sendpara.append(zero);

        sendpara.append(zero);

        sendpara.append(zero);

        sendpara.append(0xFF);

    }

    else if(readParaBox->currentText() == tr("读取参数地址5"))

    {

        sendpara.append(0xAA);

        sendpara.append(0x33);

        sendpara.append(0x05);

        sendpara.append(zero);

        sendpara.append(zero);

        sendpara.append(zero);

        sendpara.append(0xFF);

    }

    serial->write(sendpara);

    sendpara.clear();

}

void Dialog::oneRead(void)

{

    QByteArray cmdArray;

    unsigned char zero = 0x00;

    switch (cmd) {

    case readFlag:

        cmdArray.append(0xAA);

        cmdArray.append(0x33);

        cmdArray.append(0x01);

        cmdArray.append(zero);

        cmdArray.append(zero);

        cmdArray.append(zero);

        cmdArray.append(0xFF);

        cmd = cmd1;

        serial->write(cmdArray);

        cmdArray.clear();

        break;

    case cmd1:

        cmdArray.append(0xAA);

        cmdArray.append(0x33);

        cmdArray.append(0x02);

        cmdArray.append(zero);

        cmdArray.append(zero);

        cmdArray.append(zero);

        cmdArray.append(0xFF);

        cmd = cmd2;

        serial->write(cmdArray);

        cmdArray.clear();

        break;

    case cmd2:

        cmdArray.append(0xAA);

        cmdArray.append(0x33);

        cmdArray.append(0x03);

        cmdArray.append(zero);

        cmdArray.append(zero);

        cmdArray.append(zero);

        cmdArray.append(0xFF);

        cmd = cmd3;

        serial->write(cmdArray);

        cmdArray.clear();

        break;

    case cmd3:

        cmdArray.append(0xAA);

        cmdArray.append(0x33);

        cmdArray.append(0x04);

        cmdArray.append(zero);

        cmdArray.append(zero);

        cmdArray.append(zero);

        cmdArray.append(0xFF);

        cmd = cmd4;

        serial->write(cmdArray);

        cmdArray.clear();

        break;

    case cmd4:

        cmdArray.append(0xAA);

        cmdArray.append(0x33);

        cmdArray.append(0x05);

        cmdArray.append(zero);

        cmdArray.append(zero);

        cmdArray.append(zero);

        cmdArray.append(0xFF);

        cmd = cmd5;

        serial->write(cmdArray);

        cmdArray.clear();

        break;

    }

}

void Dialog::oneWrite(void)

{

    QByteArray sendData;

    sendData.resize(1026);

    file.setFileName("读取参数地址1.dat");

    if(file.open(QFile::ReadOnly))

    {

        sendData = file.readAll();

        serial->write(sendData);

    }

    file.close();

    sendData.clear();

    file.setFileName("读取参数地址2.dat");

    if(file.open(QFile::ReadOnly))

    {

        sendData = file.readAll();

        serial->write(sendData);

    }

    file.close();

    sendData.clear();

    file.setFileName("读取参数地址3.dat");

    if(file.open(QFile::ReadOnly))

    {

        sendData = file.readAll();

        serial->write(sendData);

    }

    file.close();

    sendData.clear();

    file.setFileName("读取参数地址4.dat");

    if(file.open(QFile::ReadOnly))

    {

        sendData = file.readAll();

        serial->write(sendData);

    }

    file.close();

    sendData.clear();

#if 0

    file.setFileName("读取参数地址5.dat");

    if(file.open(QFile::ReadOnly))

    {

        sendData = file.readAll();

        serial->write(sendData);

    }

    file.close();

    sendData.clear();

#endif

    cmd = writeFlag;

}

Dialog::~Dialog()

{

}

dialog.h

#ifndef DIALOG_H

#define DIALOG_H

#include <QDialog>

#include <QComboBox>

#include <QLabel>

#include <QPushButton>

#include <QGridLayout>

#include <QtSerialPort/QSerialPortInfo>

#include <QtSerialPort>

#include <QFile>

#include <QTextStream>

#include <QDateTime>

#include <QTimer>

#include <QMessageBox>

enum enumType

{

  readFlag,

  cmd1,

  cmd2,

  cmd3,

  cmd4,

  cmd5,

  writeFlag

};

class Dialog : public QDialog

{

    Q_OBJECT

public:

    Dialog(QWidget *parent = 0);

    ~Dialog();

private slots:

    void openSerial(void);

    void writeParam(void);

    void sendCmd(void);

    void timerStop(void);

    void readParam(void);

    void oneRead(void);

    void oneWrite(void);

private:

    void saveDataToFile(QByteArray &data);

private:

    QComboBox *serialPortComboBox;

    QComboBox *readParaBox;

    QComboBox *writeParaBox;

    QPushButton *runButton;

    QPushButton *readPara;

    QPushButton *writePara;

    QPushButton *onlyOneRead;

    QPushButton *onlyOneWrite;

    QLabel *msglabel;

    QSerialPort *serial;

    QTimer *timer;

    QFile file;

    QByteArray g_RecBuf;

    unsigned int Flag;

    enumType cmd;

};

#endif // DIALOG_H

　　运行效果：

　　作用就是通过串口发送以及接收一些数据。

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