1. 入门概述

• SpringBoot专注于快速方便的开发单个个体微服务;
• SpringCloud:关注全局的微服务协调治理框架,它将SpringBoot开发的一个个单体微服务整合并管理起来,
  
  为各个微服务之间提供配置管理,服务发现,断路器,路由,微代理,事件总线,全局锁,决策竞选,分布式会话等等集成服务;

1.1 Dubbo和SpringCloud比较

• Dubbo服务调用方式:RPC
• SpringCloud服务调用方式:REST API

2. SpringCloud 之 Hello World

2.1 创建整体父工程Project(microservicecloud)

• 主要是定义POM文件,将后续各个子模块公用的jar包等统一提取出来,类似一个抽象父类;

// pom.xml

<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">

  <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>

  <groupId>com.noodles.springcloud</groupId>

  <artifactId>microservicecloud</artifactId>

  <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>

  <packaging>pom</packaging>

  <properties>

  	<project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>

  	<maven.compiler.source>1.8</maven.compiler.source>

  	<maven.compiler.target>1.8</maven.compiler.target>

  	<junit.version>4.12</junit.version>

  	<log4j.version>1.2.17</log4j.version>

  	<lombok.version>1.16.18</lombok.version>

  </properties>

  <dependencyManagement>

  	<dependencies>

  		<dependency>

  			<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>

  			<artifactId>spring-cloud-dependencies</artifactId>

  			<version>Dalston.SR1</version>

  			<type>pom</type>

  			<scope>import</scope>

  		</dependency>

  		<dependency>

  			<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>

  			<artifactId>spring-boot-dependencies</artifactId>

  			<version>1.5.9.RELEASE</version>

  			<type>pom</type>

  			<scope>import</scope>

  		</dependency>

  		<dependency>

  			<groupId>mysql</groupId>

  			<artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>

  			<version>5.0.4</version>

  		</dependency>

  		<dependency>

  			<groupId>com.alibaba</groupId>

  			<artifactId>druid</artifactId>

  			<version>1.0.31</version>

  		</dependency>

  		<dependency>

  			<groupId>org.mybatis.spring.boot</groupId>

  			<artifactId>mybatis-spring-boot-starter</artifactId>

  			<version>1.3.0</version>

  		</dependency>

  		<dependency>

  			<groupId>ch.qos.logback</groupId>

  			<artifactId>logback-core</artifactId>

  			<version>1.2.3</version>

  		</dependency>

  		<dependency>

  			<groupId>junit</groupId>

  			<artifactId>junit</artifactId>

  			<version>${junit.version}</version>

  			<scope>test</scope>

  		</dependency>

  		<dependency>

  			<groupId>log4j</groupId>

  			<artifactId>log4j</artifactId>

  			<version>${log4j.version}</version>

  		</dependency>

  	</dependencies>

  </dependencyManagement>

</project>

2.2 创建公共子模块Module(microservicecloud-api)

// pom.xml

<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">

  <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>

  <parent>

    <groupId>com.noodles.springcloud</groupId>

    <artifactId>microservicecloud</artifactId>

    <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>

  </parent>

  <artifactId>microservicecloud-api</artifactId>

  <dependencies>

  	<!-- 当前Module需要用到的jar包,按自己需要添加,如果父类已经包含了,可以不要写版本号 -->

  	<dependency>

  		<groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>

  		<artifactId>lombok</artifactId>

  	</dependency>

  </dependencies>

</project>

// com.noodles.springcloud.entities

@SuppressWarnings("serial")

@AllArgsConstructor

@NoArgsConstructor

@Data

@Accessors(chain=true)

public class Dept implements Serializable{

    private Long deptno;

    private String dname;

    // 来自哪个数据库,因为微服务架构可以一个服务对应一个数据库,

    // 同一个信息被存储到不同数据库

    private String db_source;

    // 第一种方式:

    // 无参和全参构造函数

    // getter,setter和toString 方法

    // 第二种方式: 使用lombok,使用注解

    // Eclipse 需要安装lombok插件

}

// mvn clean install 后给其他模块引用,达到通用目的;

// 即需要用到部门实体的话,不用每个工程都定义一份,直接引用本模块即可;

2.3 部门微服务提供者Module(microservicecloud-provider-dept-8001)

// pom.xml

<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">

  <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>

  <parent>

    <groupId>com.noodles.springcloud</groupId>

    <artifactId>microservicecloud</artifactId>

    <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>

  </parent>

  <artifactId>microservicecloud-provider-dept-8001</artifactId>

  <dependencies>

  	<dependency>

  		<groupId>com.noodles.springcloud</groupId>

  		<artifactId>microservicecloud-api</artifactId>

  		<version>${project.version}</version>

  	</dependency>

  	<dependency>

  		<groupId>junit</groupId>

  		<artifactId>junit</artifactId>

  	</dependency>

  	<dependency>

  		<groupId>mysql</groupId>

  		<artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>

  	</dependency>

  	<dependency>

  		<groupId>com.alibaba</groupId>

  		<artifactId>druid</artifactId>

  	</dependency>

  	<dependency>

  		<groupId>ch.qos.logback</groupId>

  		<artifactId>logback-core</artifactId>

  	</dependency>

  	<dependency>

  		<groupId>org.mybatis.spring.boot</groupId>

  		<artifactId>mybatis-spring-boot-starter</artifactId>

  	</dependency>

  	<dependency>

  		<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>

  		<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-jetty</artifactId>

  	</dependency>

  	<dependency>

  		<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>

  		<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>

  	</dependency>

  	<dependency>

  		<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>

  		<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>

  	</dependency>

  	<!-- 修改后立即生效,热部署 -->

  	<dependency>

  		<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>

  		<artifactId>springloaded</artifactId>

  	</dependency>

  	<dependency>

  		<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>

  		<artifactId>spring-boot-devtools</artifactId>

  	</dependency>

  </dependencies>

</project>

// src/main/resources/application.yml

server:

  port: 8081

mybatis:

   config-location: classpath:mybatis/mybatis.cfg.xml      # mybatis配置文件所在路径

   type-aliases-package: com.noodles.springcloud.entities  # 所有Entity别名类所在包

   mapper-locations:

   - classpath:mybatis/mapper/**/*.xml

spring:

   application:

     name: microservicecloud-dept

   datasource:

     type: com.alibaba.druid.pool.DruidDataSource           # 当前数据源操作类型

     driver-class-name: org.gjt.mm.mysql.Driver             # mysql驱动包

     url: jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/cloudDB01             # 数据库名称

     username: root

     password: root

     dbcp2:

       min-idle: 5

       initial-size: 5

       max-total: 5

       max-wait-millis: 200

// src/main/sources/mybatis/mybatis.cfg.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>

<!DOCTYPE configuration

  PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Config 3.0//EN"

  "http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-config.dtd">

<configuration>

	<settings>

		<!-- 开启二级缓存 -->

		<setting name="cacheEnabled" value="true"/>

	</settings>

</configuration>

// com.noodles.springcloud.dao

@Mapper

public interface DeptDao {

	public boolean addDept(Dept dept);

	public Dept findById(Long id);

	public List<Dept> findAll();

}

// src/main/sources/mybatis/mapper/DeptMapper.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>

<!DOCTYPE mapper PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Config 3.0//EN"

"http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-mapper.dtd">

<mapper namespace="com.noodles.springcloud.dao.DeptDao">

	<select id="findById" resultType="Dept" parameterType="Long">

		select deptno,dname,db_source from dept where deptno=#{deptno};

	</select>

	<select id="findAll" resultType="Dept">

		select deptno,dname,db_source from dept;

	</select>

	<insert id="addDept" parameterType="Dept">

	INSERT INTO dept(dname,db_source) VALUES(#{dname},DATABASE());

	</insert>

</mapper>

// DeptService部门服务接口

public interface DeptService {

	public boolean add(Dept dept);

	public Dept get(Long id);

	public List<Dept> list();

}

// DeptServiceImpl部门服务接口实现类

@Service

public class DeptServiceImpl implements DeptService{

	@Autowired

	private DeptDao deptDao;

	@Override

	public boolean add(Dept dept) {

		return deptDao.addDept(dept);

	}

	@Override

	public Dept get(Long id) {

		return deptDao.findById(id);

	}

	@Override

	public List<Dept> list() {

		return dptDao.findAll();

	}

}

//DeptController部门微服务提供者REST

@RestController

public class DeptController {

	@Autowired

	private DeptService deptService;

	@RequestMapping(value="/dept/add",method=RequestMethod.POST)

	public boolean add(@RequestBody Dept dept) {

		return deptService.add(dept);

	}

	@RequestMapping(value="/dept/get/{id}",method=RequestMethod.GET)

	public Dept get(@PathVariable("id") Long id) {

		return deptService.get(id);

	}

	@RequestMapping(value="/dept/list",method=RequestMethod.GET)

	public List<Dept> get() {

		return deptService.list();

	}

}

// DeptProvider8001_App主动启动类DeptProvider8001_App

@SpringBootApplication

public class DeptProvider8001_App {

	public static void main(String[] args) {

		SpringApplication.run(DeptProvider8001_App.class, args);

	}

}

2.4 部门微服务消费者Module(microservicecloud-consumer-dept-80)

// pom.xml

<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">

  <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>

  <parent>

    <groupId>com.noodles.springcloud</groupId>

    <artifactId>microservicecloud</artifactId>

    <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>

  </parent>

  <artifactId>microservicecloud-consumer-dept-80</artifactId>

  <description>部门微服务消费者</description>

  <dependencies>

  	<dependency>

  		<groupId>com.noodles.springcloud</groupId>

  		<artifactId>microservicecloud-api</artifactId>

  		<version>${project.version}</version>

  	</dependency>

  	<dependency>

  		<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>

  		<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>

  	</dependency>

  	<!-- 修改后立即生效,热部署 -->

  	<dependency>

  		<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>

  		<artifactId>springloaded</artifactId>

  	</dependency>

  	<dependency>

  		<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>

  		<artifactId>spring-boot-devtools</artifactId>

  	</dependency>

  </dependencies>

</project>

// application.yml

server:

  port: 8082

// com.noodles.springcloud.cfgbeans

// ConfigBean 类(作用类似Spring里面的applicationContext.xml写入的注入Bean)

@Configuration

public class ConfigBean{

    @Bean

    public RestTemplate getRestTemplate(){

        return new RestTemplate();

    }

}

// 新建DeptController_Consumer部门微服务消费者REST

// com.noodles.springcloud.controller

@RestController

public class DeptController_Consumer {

	private static final String REST_URL_PREFIX = "http://localhost:8081";

	/**

	 * 使用restTemplate访问restful接口:

	 * (url, requestMap, ResponseBean.class)这三个参数分别代表:

	 * REST请求地址,请求参数,HTTP响应被转换成的对象类型

	 */

	@Autowired

	private RestTemplate restTemplate;

	@RequestMapping(value="/consumer/dept/add")

	public boolean add(Dept dept) {

		return restTemplate.postForObject(REST_URL_PREFIX+"/dept/add", dept, Boolean.class);

	}

	@RequestMapping(value="/consumer/dept/get/{id}")

	public Dept get(@PathVariable("id") Long id) {

		return restTemplate.getForObject(REST_URL_PREFIX+"/dept/get/"+id, Dept.class);

	}

	@SuppressWarnings("unchecked")

	@RequestMapping(value="/consumer/dept/list")

	public List<Dept> list() {

		return restTemplate.getForObject(REST_URL_PREFIX+"/dept/list", List.class);

	}

}

// com.noodles.springcloud

// DeptConsumer80_App 主启动类

@SpringBootApplication

public class DeptConsumer80_App {

	public static void main(String[] args) {

		SpringApplication.run(DeptConsumer80_App.class, args);

	}

}

// 测试:

// 访问:

// http://localhost:8082/consumer/dept/get/2

// http://localhost:8082/consumer/dept/list

参考资料:

• SpringCloud 入门
• Lombok 安装,入门
• java.lang.NoClassDefFoundError: ch/qos/logback/core/spi/LifeCycle

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