spingboot集成jpa(二）

一、使用单元测试

单元测试在每个项目环境中必不可少，springboot中如何使用单元测试

在src/test/java中新建测试类DemoApplicationTest.java

项目结构：

DemoApplicaytionTest.java内容

package springboot_jpa_jsp;

import org.junit.Test;

import org.junit.runner.RunWith;

import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;

import org.springframework.boot.test.context.SpringBootTest;

import org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner;

import com.king.app.App;

import com.king.entity.User;

import com.king.service.UserService;

@RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class)

@SpringBootTest(classes = App.class)

public class DemoApplicaytionTest {

    @Autowired

    private UserService userService;

    @Test

    public void testUser() {

        User u = userService.findOne("1");

        System.out.println(u.toString());

    }

}

此时，直接右键运行Junit测试即可

二、查询方法

1. 使用jpa的命名查询

当使用findBy/readBy/getBy + 某个字段时，比如：

User findById(String id);

也可以多字段查询，如：

List<User> findByCodeAndUsername(String code,String username);

spring jpa的相关命名规则如下：

Keyword	Sample	JPQL snippet
`And`	`findByLastnameAndFirstname`	`… where x.lastname = ?1 and x.firstname = ?2`
`Or`	`findByLastnameOrFirstname`	`… where x.lastname = ?1 or x.firstname = ?2`
`Is,Equals`	`findByFirstname`,`findByFirstnameIs`,`findByFirstnameEquals`	`… where x.firstname = ?1`
`Between`	`findByStartDateBetween`	`… where x.startDate between ?1 and ?2`
`LessThan`	`findByAgeLessThan`	`… where x.age < ?1`
`LessThanEqual`	`findByAgeLessThanEqual`	`… where x.age <= ?1`
`GreaterThan`	`findByAgeGreaterThan`	`… where x.age > ?1`
`GreaterThanEqual`	`findByAgeGreaterThanEqual`	`… where x.age >= ?1`
`After`	`findByStartDateAfter`	`… where x.startDate > ?1`
`Before`	`findByStartDateBefore`	`… where x.startDate < ?1`
`IsNull`	`findByAgeIsNull`	`… where x.age is null`
`IsNotNull,NotNull`	`findByAge(Is)NotNull`	`… where x.age not null`
`Like`	`findByFirstnameLike`	`… where x.firstname like ?1`
`NotLike`	`findByFirstnameNotLike`	`… where x.firstname not like ?1`
`StartingWith`	`findByFirstnameStartingWith`	`… where x.firstname like ?1` (parameter bound with appended `%`)
`EndingWith`	`findByFirstnameEndingWith`	`… where x.firstname like ?1` (parameter bound with prepended `%`)
`Containing`	`findByFirstnameContaining`	`… where x.firstname like ?1` (parameter bound wrapped in `%`)
`OrderBy`	`findByAgeOrderByLastnameDesc`	`… where x.age = ?1 order by x.lastname desc`
`Not`	`findByLastnameNot`	`… where x.lastname <> ?1`
`In`	`findByAgeIn(Collection<Age> ages)`	`… where x.age in ?1`
`NotIn`	`findByAgeNotIn(Collection<Age> age)`	`… where x.age not in ?1`
`True`	`findByActiveTrue()`	`… where x.active = true`
`False`	`findByActiveFalse()`	`… where x.active = false`
`IgnoreCase`	`findByFirstnameIgnoreCase`	`… where UPPER(x.firstame) = UPPER(?1)`

2. 自定义注解查询

除了继承JpaRepository中的命名方法，有时候不可避免的要自定义查询方法。上面的单元测试中findOne就是自定义的查询方法。

使用@Query注解来查询，注解查询本质上仍然使用的是HQL语法，所以下面的是针对对象查询的。(我在测试时由于粗心大意将User写成user被坑了不少时间)

    @Query("select u from User u where u.id = :id")

    User findOne(@Param("id")String id);

巴特西

spingboot集成jpa(二）

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