What is special about /dev/tty?
ls -la /dev/tty shows the output:
crw-rw-rw- 1 root tty 5, 0 Dec 14 22:21 /dev/tty
The 'c' means it's a character device. tty is a special file representing the 'controlling terminal' for the current process.
Character Devices
Unix supports 'device files', which aren't really files at all, but file-like access points to hardware devices. A 'character' device is one which is interfaced byte-by-byte (as opposed to buffered IO).
TTY
/dev/tty is a special file, representing the terminal for the current process. So, when you echo 1 > /dev/tty, your message ('1') will appear on your screen. Likewise, when you cat /dev/tty, your subsequent input gets duplicated (until you press Ctrl-C).
/dev/tty doesn't 'contain' anything as such, but you can read from it and write to it (for what it's worth). I can't think of a good use for it, but there are similar files which are very useful for simple IO operations (e.g. /dev/ttyS0 is normally your serial port)
linux用户登录有三种方式：
（1）命令行登录：init进程调用getty程序（意为get teletype），让用户输入用户名和密码。输入完成后，再调用login程序，核对密码（Debian还会再多运行一个身份核对程序/etc/pam.d/login）。如果密码正确，就从文件 /etc/passwd 读取该用户指定的shell，然后启动这个shell。
（2）ssh登录：这时系统调用sshd程序（Debian还会再运行/etc/pam.d/ssh ），取代getty和login，然后启动shell。
（3）图形界面登录：init进程调用显示管理器，Gnome图形界面对应的显示管理器为gdm（GNOME Display Manager），然后用户输入用户名和密码。如果密码正确，就读取/etc/gdm3/Xsession，启动用户的会话。
original from: http://stackoverflow.com/questions/8514735/what-is-special-about-dev-tty
http://www.ruanyifeng.com/blog/2013/08/linux_boot_process.html
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