kubernetes运行应用1之Deployment
2024-09-05 02:36:50
run 或create deployment 部署一个应用
kubernetes 部署 nginx ，使用 kubectl get deployment 时出现 No resources found in default namespace
结果验证：
kubectl run mcw01_nginx --image=nginx #能get pod，但不能get deployment ，不能get replicaset
kubectl create deployment mcw01dep-nginx --image=nginx #既能get pod ，又能get deployment，又能get replicaset
kubectl run nginx-deployment --image=nginx:1.7.9 --replicas=2 #它不能 创建副本了，
kubectl create deployment mcw01dep-nginx --image=nginx #那么这个命令是否可以支持创建多个副本
首先我确保了master和nodes节点的正常运行，还有各个组件处于健康状态
使用 kubectl 命令创建监听 80 端口的 Nginx Pod（Kubernetes 运行容器的最小单元）
kubectl run mcw01_nginx --image=nginx --port=80
运行结果:
[machangwei@mcw7 ~]$ kubectl run nginx-deployment --image=nginx:1.7.9 --replicas=2
Error: unknown flag: --replicas
See 'kubectl run --help' for usage.
[machangwei@mcw7 ~]$ kubectl run mcw01_nginx --image=nginx --port=80 #不能使用下划线命名，但是可以用短横线
The Pod "mcw01_nginx" is invalid:
* metadata.name: Invalid value: "mcw01_nginx": a lowercase RFC 1123 subdomain must consist of lower case alphanumeric characters, '-' or '.', and must start and end with an alphanumeric character (e.g. 'example.com', regex used for validation is '[a-z0-9]([-a-z0-9]*[a-z0-9])?(\.[a-z0-9]([-a-z0-9]*[a-z0-9])?)*')
* spec.containers[0].name: Invalid value: "mcw01_nginx": a lowercase RFC 1123 label must consist of lower case alphanumeric characters or '-', and must start and end with an alphanumeric character (e.g. 'my-name', or '123-abc', regex used for validation is '[a-z0-9]([-a-z0-9]*[a-z0-9])?')
[machangwei@mcw7 ~]$
[machangwei@mcw7 ~]$ kubectl run mcw01-nginx --image=nginx --port=80
pod/mcw01-nginx created
可以看到，这里提示只是成功创建了一个pod 叫mcw01_nginx，在以往的版本中似乎会顺便创建一个deployment，显然这里没有
使用 kubectl get deployment命令查看deployment
[machangwei@mcw7 ~]$ kubectl get deployment
No resources found in default namespace.
问题就出现了，的确没有，那我们就需要手动创建
使用 kubectl create deployment mcw01dep-nginx --image=nginx
[machangwei@mcw7 ~]$ kubectl create deployment mcw01dep-nginx --image=nginx
deployment.apps/mcw01dep-nginx created
再次使用kubectl get deployment查看,可以看到已经有了一个mcw01dep-nginx 的 deployment
[machangwei@mcw7 ~]$ kubectl get deployment
NAME READY UP-TO-DATE AVAILABLE AGE
mcw01dep-nginx 1/1 1 1 48s
再次使用kubectl get replicaset看副本，有mcw01dep-nginx命名的副本
[machangwei@mcw7 ~]$ kubectl get replicaset
NAME DESIRED CURRENT READY AGE
mcw01dep-nginx-5dd785954d 1 1 1 6m26s
使用kubectl get pod也能看到mcw01dep-nginx命名的Pod。
[machangwei@mcw7 ~]$ kubectl get pod
NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE
httpd-app 1/1 Running 0 3h12m
mcw01-nginx 1/1 Running 0 3m55s
mcw01dep-nginx-5dd785954d-sb8ps 1/1 Running 0 94s
mcw1httpd-app 1/1 Running 0 162m
nginx-deployment 1/1 Running 0 12m
查看刚刚部署的应用
[machangwei@mcw7 ~]$ kubectl get deployment
NAME READY UP-TO-DATE AVAILABLE AGE
mcw01dep-nginx 1/1 1 1 9m37s
[machangwei@mcw7 ~]$ kubectl describe deployment mcw01dep-nginx
Name: mcw01dep-nginx
Namespace: default
CreationTimestamp: Tue, 04 Jan 2022 09:49:28 +0800
Labels: app=mcw01dep-nginx
Annotations: deployment.kubernetes.io/revision: 1
Selector: app=mcw01dep-nginx
Replicas: 1 desired | 1 updated | 1 total | 1 available | 0 unavailable
StrategyType: RollingUpdate
MinReadySeconds: 0
RollingUpdateStrategy: 25% max unavailable, 25% max surge
Pod Template:
Labels: app=mcw01dep-nginx
Containers:
nginx:
Image: nginx
Port: <none>
Host Port: <none>
Environment: <none>
Mounts: <none>
Volumes: <none>
Conditions:
Type Status Reason
---- ------ ------
Available True MinimumReplicasAvailable
Progressing True NewReplicaSetAvailable
OldReplicaSets: <none>
NewReplicaSet: mcw01dep-nginx-5dd785954d (1/1 replicas created)
Events:
Type Reason Age From Message
---- ------ ---- ---- -------
Normal ScalingReplicaSet 10m deployment-controller Scaled up replica set mcw01dep-nginx-5dd785954d to 1
查看刚刚部署的应用的副本
[machangwei@mcw7 ~]$ kubectl get replicaset
NAME DESIRED CURRENT READY AGE
mcw01dep-nginx-5dd785954d 1 1 1 15m
[machangwei@mcw7 ~]$ kubectl describe replicaset mcw01dep-nginx-5dd785954d
Name: mcw01dep-nginx-5dd785954d
Namespace: default
Selector: app=mcw01dep-nginx,pod-template-hash=5dd785954d
Labels: app=mcw01dep-nginx
pod-template-hash=5dd785954d
Annotations: deployment.kubernetes.io/desired-replicas: 1
deployment.kubernetes.io/max-replicas: 2
deployment.kubernetes.io/revision: 1
Controlled By: Deployment/mcw01dep-nginx
Replicas: 1 current / 1 desired
Pods Status: 1 Running / 0 Waiting / 0 Succeeded / 0 Failed
Pod Template:
Labels: app=mcw01dep-nginx
pod-template-hash=5dd785954d
Containers:
nginx:
Image: nginx
Port: <none>
Host Port: <none>
Environment: <none>
Mounts: <none>
Volumes: <none>
Events:
Type Reason Age From Message
---- ------ ---- ---- -------
Normal SuccessfulCreate 15m replicaset-controller Created pod: mcw01dep-nginx-5dd785954d-sb8ps
查看刚刚部署的应用的Pod信息
[machangwei@mcw7 ~]$ kubectl describe pod mcw01dep-nginx-5dd785954d-sb8ps
Name: mcw01dep-nginx-5dd785954d-sb8ps
Namespace: default
Priority: 0
Node: mcw9/10.0.0.139
Start Time: Tue, 04 Jan 2022 09:49:27 +0800
Labels: app=mcw01dep-nginx
pod-template-hash=5dd785954d
Annotations: <none>
Status: Running
IP: 10.244.0.4
IPs:
IP: 10.244.0.4
Controlled By: ReplicaSet/mcw01dep-nginx-5dd785954d
Containers:
nginx:
Container ID: docker://374ff9c1a60e9562f7e05ec4eaa5150e3380b836a26f3b0fe565e6f9dea52cef
Image: nginx
Image ID: docker-pullable://nginx@sha256:0d17b565c37bcbd895e9d92315a05c1c3c9a29f762b011a10c54a66cd53c9b31
Port: <none>
Host Port: <none>
State: Running
Started: Tue, 04 Jan 2022 09:49:30 +0800
Ready: True
Restart Count: 0
Environment: <none>
Mounts:
/var/run/secrets/kubernetes.io/serviceaccount from kube-api-access-h56zh (ro)
Conditions:
Type Status
Initialized True
Ready True
ContainersReady True
PodScheduled True
Volumes:
kube-api-access-h56zh:
Type: Projected (a volume that contains injected data from multiple sources)
TokenExpirationSeconds: 3607
ConfigMapName: kube-root-ca.crt
ConfigMapOptional: <nil>
DownwardAPI: true
QoS Class: BestEffort
Node-Selectors: <none>
Tolerations: node.kubernetes.io/not-ready:NoExecute op=Exists for 300s
node.kubernetes.io/unreachable:NoExecute op=Exists for 300s
Events:
Type Reason Age From Message
---- ------ ---- ---- -------
Normal Scheduled 18m default-scheduler Successfully assigned default/mcw01dep-nginx-5dd785954d-sb8ps to mcw9
Normal Pulling 18m kubelet Pulling image "nginx"
Normal Pulled 18m kubelet Successfully pulled image "nginx" in 1.193138975s
Normal Created 18m kubelet Created container nginx
Normal Started 18m kubelet Started container nginx
指定命名空间的查询Pod详情，应该是一样的
[machangwei@mcw7 ~]$ kubectl get pod --all-namespaces
NAMESPACE NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE
default httpd-app 1/1 Running 0 3h31m
default mcw01-nginx 1/1 Running 0 22m
default mcw01dep-nginx-5dd785954d-sb8ps 1/1 Running 0 20m
default mcw1httpd-app 1/1 Running 0 3h1m
default nginx-deployment 1/1 Running 0 31m
kube-system coredns-6d8c4cb4d-2296m 1/1 Running 1 (9h ago) 13h
kube-system coredns-6d8c4cb4d-lphb2 1/1 Running 1 (9h ago) 13h
kube-system etcd-mcw7 1/1 Running 3 13h
kube-system kube-apiserver-mcw7 1/1 Running 2 13h
kube-system kube-controller-manager-mcw7 1/1 Running 4 (9h ago) 13h
kube-system kube-flannel-ds-5pxmj 0/1 Error 102 (5m12s ago) 8h
kube-system kube-flannel-ds-8gzfq 1/1 Running 0 9h
kube-system kube-flannel-ds-s4qmj 0/1 CrashLoopBackOff 95 (62s ago) 7h46m
kube-system kube-proxy-4lmsx 1/1 Running 0 8h
kube-system kube-proxy-c5zmm 1/1 Running 0 13h
kube-system kube-proxy-npmtv 1/1 Running 0 7h46m
kube-system kube-scheduler-mcw7 1/1 Running 3 (9h ago) 13h
[machangwei@mcw7 ~]$ kubectl describe pod mcw01dep-nginx-5dd785954d-sb8ps --namespace=default
Name: mcw01dep-nginx-5dd785954d-sb8ps
Namespace: default
Priority: 0
Node: mcw9/10.0.0.139
Start Time: Tue, 04 Jan 2022 09:49:27 +0800
Labels: app=mcw01dep-nginx
pod-template-hash=5dd785954d
Annotations: <none>
Status: Running
IP: 10.244.0.4
IPs:
IP: 10.244.0.4
Controlled By: ReplicaSet/mcw01dep-nginx-5dd785954d
Containers:
nginx:
Container ID: docker://374ff9c1a60e9562f7e05ec4eaa5150e3380b836a26f3b0fe565e6f9dea52cef
Image: nginx
Image ID: docker-pullable://nginx@sha256:0d17b565c37bcbd895e9d92315a05c1c3c9a29f762b011a10c54a66cd53c9b31
Port: <none>
Host Port: <none>
State: Running
Started: Tue, 04 Jan 2022 09:49:30 +0800
Ready: True
Restart Count: 0
Environment: <none>
Mounts:
/var/run/secrets/kubernetes.io/serviceaccount from kube-api-access-h56zh (ro)
Conditions:
Type Status
Initialized True
Ready True
ContainersReady True
PodScheduled True
Volumes:
kube-api-access-h56zh:
Type: Projected (a volume that contains injected data from multiple sources)
TokenExpirationSeconds: 3607
ConfigMapName: kube-root-ca.crt
ConfigMapOptional: <nil>
DownwardAPI: true
QoS Class: BestEffort
Node-Selectors: <none>
Tolerations: node.kubernetes.io/not-ready:NoExecute op=Exists for 300s
node.kubernetes.io/unreachable:NoExecute op=Exists for 300s
Events:
Type Reason Age From Message
---- ------ ---- ---- -------
Normal Scheduled 21m default-scheduler Successfully assigned default/mcw01dep-nginx-5dd785954d-sb8ps to mcw9
Normal Pulling 21m kubelet Pulling image "nginx"
Normal Pulled 21m kubelet Successfully pulled image "nginx" in 1.193138975s
Normal Created 21m kubelet Created container nginx
Normal Started 21m kubelet Started container nginx
[machangwei@mcw7 ~]$
对刚刚部署的应用做几种资源的查询
[machangwei@mcw7 ~]$ kubectl get deployment
NAME READY UP-TO-DATE AVAILABLE AGE
mcw01dep-nginx 1/1 1 1 23m
[machangwei@mcw7 ~]$ kubectl get replicaset
NAME DESIRED CURRENT READY AGE
mcw01dep-nginx-5dd785954d 1 1 1 23m
[machangwei@mcw7 ~]$ kubectl get pod |grep mcw01dep-nginx
mcw01dep-nginx-5dd785954d-sb8ps 1/1 Running 0 23m
[machangwei@mcw7 ~]$ kubectl get pod -o wide |grep mcw01dep-nginx
mcw01dep-nginx-5dd785954d-sb8ps 1/1 Running 0 23m 10.244.0.4 mcw9 <none> <none>
[machangwei@mcw7 ~]$ kubectl get pod --all-namespaces |grep mcw01dep-nginx
default mcw01dep-nginx-5dd785954d-sb8ps 1/1 Running 0 24m
创建同名的deployment是不可以的
[machangwei@mcw7 ~]$ kubectl get deployment
NAME READY UP-TO-DATE AVAILABLE AGE
mcw01dep-nginx 1/1 1 1 31m
[machangwei@mcw7 ~]$ kubectl create deployment mcw01dep-nginx --image=nginx
error: failed to create deployment: deployments.apps "mcw01dep-nginx" already exists
使用负载均衡模式发布服务，让外网访问我的Nginx服务(docker)
kubectl expose deployment mcw01dep-nginx --port=80 --type=LoadBalancer
[machangwei@mcw7 ~]$ kubectl get deployment
NAME READY UP-TO-DATE AVAILABLE AGE
mcw01dep-nginx 1/1 1 1 33m
[machangwei@mcw7 ~]$ kubectl expose deployment mcw01dep-nginx --port=80 --type=LoadBalancer
service/mcw01dep-nginx exposed
查看服务详情
kubectl describe service mcw01dep-nginx
输出如下：
[machangwei@mcw7 ~]$ kubectl get service #获取服务信息
NAME TYPE CLUSTER-IP EXTERNAL-IP PORT(S) AGE
kubernetes ClusterIP 10.96.0.1 <none> 443/TCP 13h
mcw01dep-nginx LoadBalancer 10.96.184.54 <pending> 80:30102/TCP 74s
[machangwei@mcw7 ~]$ kubectl describe service mcw01dep-nginx
Name: mcw01dep-nginx
Namespace: default
Labels: app=mcw01dep-nginx
Annotations: <none>
Selector: app=mcw01dep-nginx
Type: LoadBalancer
IP Family Policy: SingleStack
IP Families: IPv4
IP: 10.96.184.54
IPs: 10.96.184.54
Port: <unset> 80/TCP
TargetPort: 80/TCP
NodePort: <unset> 30102/TCP
Endpoints: 10.244.0.4:80
Session Affinity: None
External Traffic Policy: Cluster
Events: <none>
这里我就可以利用 节点的ip+暴露出来的端口 检测服务是否访问成功
[machangwei@mcw7 ~]$ kubectl get pod -o wide |grep mcw01dep-nginx
mcw01dep-nginx-5dd785954d-sb8ps 1/1 Running 0 43m 10.244.0.4 mcw9 <none> <none>
[machangwei@mcw7 ~]$ kubectl describe pod mcw01dep-nginx-5dd785954d-sb8ps|grep Node:
Node: mcw9/10.0.0.139
由上找到服务所在的Node ip ,找到服务暴露出来的NodePort ,然后在外部就可以使用Node ip :NodePort来访问服务
比如这里的访问：
我在master节点访问node2节点上的服务，这个服务是node2ip,端口，映射到node2的应用docker上的80服务
[machangwei@mcw7 ~]$ curl 10.0.0.139:30102
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>Welcome to nginx!</title>
<style>
html { color-scheme: light dark; }
body { width: 35em; margin: 0 auto;
font-family: Tahoma, Verdana, Arial, sans-serif; }
</style>
</head>
<body>
<h1>Welcome to nginx!</h1>
<p>If you see this page, the nginx web server is successfully installed and
working. Further configuration is required.</p> <p>For online documentation and support please refer to
<a href="http://nginx.org/">nginx.org</a>.<br/>
Commercial support is available at
<a href="http://nginx.com/">nginx.com</a>.</p> <p><em>Thank you for using nginx.</em></p>
</body>
</html>
笔记本浏览器上访问：
进入服务所在的主机节点，查看容器的ip,与之前看的容器ip等信息一致
[root@mcw9 ~]$ docker ps|grep mcw01dep-nginx
374ff9c1a60e nginx "/docker-entrypoint.…" 49 minutes ago Up 49 minutes k8s_nginx_mcw01dep-nginx-5dd785954d-sb8ps_default_13d59a7a-c16f-44f1-b442-de7252ae4bac_0
388265797ee1 registry.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/pause:3.6 "/pause" 49 minutes ago Up 49 minutes k8s_POD_mcw01dep-nginx-5dd785954d-sb8ps_default_13d59a7a-c16f-44f1-b442-de7252ae4bac_0
[root@mcw9 ~]$ docker exec -it 374 hostname -i
10.244.0.4
[root@mcw9 ~]$ docker exec -it 388 hostname -i
OCI runtime exec failed: exec failed: container_linux.go:380: starting container process caused: exec: "hostname": executable file not found in $PATH: unknown
[root@mcw9 ~]$
在Nginx服务的主机上，是能直接通容器ip的
[root@mcw9 ~]$ docker exec -it 374 hostname -i
10.244.0.4
[root@mcw9 ~]$ docker exec -it 388 hostname -i
OCI runtime exec failed: exec failed: container_linux.go:380: starting container process caused: exec: "hostname": executable file not found in $PATH: unknown
[root@mcw9 ~]$
[root@mcw9 ~]$
[root@mcw9 ~]$
[root@mcw9 ~]$
[root@mcw9 ~]$ ping 10.244.0.4
PING 10.244.0.4 (10.244.0.4) 56(84) bytes of data.
64 bytes from 10.244.0.4: icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=0.256 ms
64 bytes from 10.244.0.4: icmp_seq=2 ttl=64 time=0.059 ms
^C
--- 10.244.0.4 ping statistics ---
2 packets transmitted, 2 received, 0% packet loss, time 1000ms
rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 0.059/0.157/0.256/0.099 ms
[root@mcw9 ~]$ curl 10.244.0.4:80
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>Welcome to nginx!</title>
<style>
html { color-scheme: light dark; }
body { width: 35em; margin: 0 auto;
font-family: Tahoma, Verdana, Arial, sans-serif; }
</style>
</head>
<body>
<h1>Welcome to nginx!</h1>
<p>If you see this page, the nginx web server is successfully installed and
working. Further configuration is required.</p> <p>For online documentation and support please refer to
<a href="http://nginx.org/">nginx.org</a>.<br/>
Commercial support is available at
<a href="http://nginx.com/">nginx.com</a>.</p> <p><em>Thank you for using nginx.</em></p>
</body>
</html>
[root@mcw9 ~]$
命令行部署多个副本的应用
部署多个Nginx，然后可以用上面那个例子，去做负载均衡了
[machangwei@mcw7 ~]$ kubectl get deployment
NAME READY UP-TO-DATE AVAILABLE AGE
mcw-depcluster 3/3 3 3 92s
mcw01dep-nginx 1/1 1 1 61m
[machangwei@mcw7 ~]$ kubectl get replicaset
NAME DESIRED CURRENT READY AGE
mcw-depcluster-547cfdc745 3 3 3 101s
mcw01dep-nginx-5dd785954d 1 1 1 61m
[machangwei@mcw7 ~]$ kubectl get pod
NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE
httpd-app 1/1 Running 0 4h12m
mcw-depcluster-547cfdc745-258sz 1/1 Running 0 118s
mcw-depcluster-547cfdc745-q2785 1/1 Running 0 118s
mcw-depcluster-547cfdc745-wrq74 1/1 Running 0 118s
mcw01-nginx 1/1 Running 0 63m
mcw01dep-nginx-5dd785954d-sb8ps 1/1 Running 0 61m
mcw1httpd-app 1/1 Running 0 3h42m
nginx-deployment 1/1 Running 0 71m
[machangwei@mcw7 ~]$ kubectl get pod --all-namespaces
NAMESPACE NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE
default httpd-app 1/1 Running 0 4h13m
default mcw-depcluster-547cfdc745-258sz 1/1 Running 0 2m49s
default mcw-depcluster-547cfdc745-q2785 1/1 Running 0 2m49s
default mcw-depcluster-547cfdc745-wrq74 1/1 Running 0 2m49s
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