Jwt令牌创建
2024-08-23 15:46:14
添加依赖
<dependencies>
<!-- jwt -->
<dependency>
<groupId>io.jsonwebtoken</groupId>
<artifactId>jjwt</artifactId>
<version>0.9.0</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>com.alibaba</groupId>
<artifactId>fastjson</artifactId>
<version>1.2.51</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-oauth2</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-security</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
<artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
<optional>true</optional>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
<scope>test</scope>
<exclusions>
<exclusion>
<groupId>org.junit.vintage</groupId>
<artifactId>junit-vintage-engine</artifactId>
</exclusion>
</exclusions>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
<dependencyManagement>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-dependencies</artifactId>
<version>${spring-cloud.version}</version>
<type>pom</type>
<scope>import</scope>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
</dependencyManagement>
<build>
<plugins>
<plugin>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
</plugin>
</plugins>
<resources>
<!--注意这里要加上这些,不然证书无法加载-->
<resource>
<directory>src/main/resources</directory>
<filtering>true</filtering>
<excludes>
<exclude>**/*.jks</exclude>
</excludes>
</resource>
<resource>
<directory>src/main/resources</directory>
<filtering>false</filtering>
<includes>
<include>**/*.jks</include>
</includes>
</resource>
</resources>
</build>
普通方式创建jwt令牌
package com.example.demo;
import io.jsonwebtoken.Claims;
import io.jsonwebtoken.JwtBuilder;
import io.jsonwebtoken.Jwts;
import io.jsonwebtoken.SignatureAlgorithm;
import javax.crypto.spec.SecretKeySpec;
import java.security.Key;
import java.util.Date;
/**
* @author liuyalong
*/
public class JwtTest {
public static void main(String[] args) {
final String keyStr = "4379";
Key key = new SecretKeySpec(keyStr.getBytes(), SignatureAlgorithm.HS512.getJcaName());
// expire_time为token有效时长, 单位毫秒
final long expire_time =10000;
Date expiresDate = new Date(System.currentTimeMillis() + expire_time);
//生成jwt令牌
JwtBuilder jwtBuilder = Jwts.builder()
//设置jwt编码
.setId("66")
//设置jwt主题
.setSubject("我是主题")
//设置jwt签发日期
.setIssuedAt(new Date())
.claim("a", "admin")
.claim("b", "aaaa")
.claim("c", "yalong")
//设置jwt的过期时间,好像必须在claim后面
.setExpiration(expiresDate)
//注意,这里的密码应该使用Key类型,不应使用String类型
//如果使用String类型,比如4379123加密,那么解密使用4379也可以解开,
// 因为这个String类型是base64EncodedSecretKey
.signWith(SignatureAlgorithm.HS256, key);
//生成jwt
String jwtToken = jwtBuilder.compact();
System.out.println(jwtToken);
//解析jwt,得到其内部的数据
Claims claims = Jwts.parser().setSigningKey(key).parseClaimsJws(jwtToken).getBody();
System.out.println(claims.get("exp"));
System.out.println(claims);
}
}
使用keytool生成证书
keytool -genkeypair -alias test -keyalg RSA -keypass yalong -keystore "D://yalong.jks" -storepass yalong -validity 3650 -dname "CN=localhost,OU=localhost,O=localhost,L=SH,ST=SH,C=CN" -storetype pkcs12
注意:这里有个大坑,
keypass
必须和storepass
一样,不然私钥解不开,或许是keytool
的原因造成的
- alias:密钥的别名
- keyalg:使用的hash算法
- keypass:密钥的访问密码
- keystore:密钥库文件名,yalong.jks保存了生成的证书
- storepass:密钥库的访问密码
- validity 3650 : 有效期10年
- dname :证书的相关信息,
- CN:名字与形式
- OU:组织单位名称
- O:组织机构名称
- L:城市信息
- ST:省份信息
- C:国家信息
查看密钥库
keytool -list -keystore "D://yalong.jks" -storepass liuyalong
导出公钥证书文件.cer
keytool -export -alias test -keystore "D://yalong.jks" -file "D://publicKey.cer" -storepass yalong
使用密钥对生成JWT并加密解密
使用私钥生成JWT令牌,使用公钥解密,公钥可以公开,私钥留在授权服务里,公钥可以导出,私钥不可以导出
package com.example.demo;
import java.io.FileInputStream;
import java.security.KeyPair;
import java.security.KeyStore;
import java.security.PrivateKey;
import java.security.PublicKey;
import java.security.cert.Certificate;
import java.security.cert.CertificateFactory;
import java.security.interfaces.RSAPrivateKey;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Map;
import com.alibaba.fastjson.JSON;
import org.apache.commons.codec.binary.Base64;
import org.springframework.core.io.ClassPathResource;
import org.springframework.security.jwt.Jwt;
import org.springframework.security.jwt.JwtHelper;
import org.springframework.security.jwt.crypto.sign.RsaSigner;
import org.springframework.security.jwt.crypto.sign.RsaVerifier;
import org.springframework.security.rsa.crypto.KeyStoreKeyFactory;
/**
* @author liuyalong
*/
public class GetRsaKey {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
//证书库文件路径
// 这里使用ClassPathResource路径,所以不带D:/
String storePath = "yalong.jks";
//这个路径用来获取私钥
String storePath1 = "D:/yalong.jks";
//公钥证书文件路径
//从keystore 导出公钥证书文件.cer,命令如下
//keytool -export -alias test -keystore "D://yalong.keystore" -file "D://publicKey.cer"
String cerPath = "D:/publicKey.cer";
//证书别名
String alias = "test";
//证书库密码
String storePw = "yalong";
//证书密码
String keyPw = "yalong";
String publicKey = getPublicKey(cerPath);
String privateKey = getPrivateKey(storePath1, alias, storePw, keyPw);
System.out.println("从证书获取的公钥为:" + publicKey);
System.out.println("从证书获取的私钥为:" + privateKey);
Map<String, String> map = new HashMap<>();
map.put("company", "honbow");
map.put("address", "shenzhen");
String jwt = createJwt(storePath, alias, storePw, keyPw, map);
System.out.println("生成JWT为:" + jwt);
String s = parseJwt(jwt, publicKey);
System.out.println("校验后:" + s);
}
/**
* 从公钥证书中获取公钥
*
* @param cerPath 公钥证书的路径
*/
private static String getPublicKey(String cerPath) throws Exception {
CertificateFactory certificatefactory = CertificateFactory.getInstance("X.509");
FileInputStream fis = new FileInputStream(cerPath);
// X509Certificate cert = (X509Certificate) certificatefactory.generateCertificate(fis);
Certificate cert = certificatefactory.generateCertificate(fis);
PublicKey pk = cert.getPublicKey();
String pkString = new Base64().encodeToString(pk.getEncoded());
//这里需要拼接开头和结尾,不然无法解析出来结果,可能有其他验证方法
return "-----BEGIN PUBLIC KEY-----" + pkString + "-----END PUBLIC KEY-----";
}
private static String getPublicKey(String cerPath, String instanceType) throws Exception {
CertificateFactory certificatefactory = CertificateFactory.getInstance(instanceType);
FileInputStream fis = new FileInputStream(cerPath);
Certificate cert = certificatefactory.generateCertificate(fis);
PublicKey pk = cert.getPublicKey();
return new Base64().encodeToString(pk.getEncoded());
}
/**
* @param storePath 证书库的路径
* @param alias 证书别名,创建时指定的
* @param storePw 访问证书库的密码
* @param keyPw 访问证书的密码
* @param JwtMap 需要设置进Jwt的内容
* @return jwt 字符串
*/
private static String createJwt(String storePath,
String alias,
String storePw,
String keyPw,
Map<String, String> JwtMap) {
ClassPathResource classPathResource = new ClassPathResource(storePath);
KeyStoreKeyFactory keyStoreKeyFactory = new KeyStoreKeyFactory(classPathResource, keyPw.toCharArray());
KeyPair keyPair = keyStoreKeyFactory.getKeyPair(alias, storePw.toCharArray());
//将当前的私钥转换为rsa私钥
RSAPrivateKey rsaPrivateKey = (RSAPrivateKey) keyPair.getPrivate();
Jwt jwt = JwtHelper.encode(JSON.toJSONString(JwtMap), new RsaSigner(rsaPrivateKey));
return jwt.getEncoded();
}
/**
* 生成私钥
*
* @param storePath 证书库的路径
* @param alias 证书别名,创建时指定的
* @param storePw 访问证书库的密码
* @param keyPw 访问证书的密码
*/
private static String getPrivateKey(String storePath, String alias, String storePw, String keyPw) throws Exception {
FileInputStream is = new FileInputStream(storePath);
KeyStore ks = KeyStore.getInstance("PKCS12");
ks.load(is, storePw.toCharArray());
is.close();
PrivateKey key = (PrivateKey) ks.getKey(alias, keyPw.toCharArray());
return new Base64().encodeToString(key.getEncoded());
}
private static String getPrivateKey(String storePath, String alias, String storePw, String keyPw, String storeType) throws Exception {
FileInputStream is = new FileInputStream(storePath);
KeyStore ks = KeyStore.getInstance(storeType);
ks.load(is, storePw.toCharArray());
is.close();
PrivateKey key = (PrivateKey) ks.getKey(alias, keyPw.toCharArray());
return new Base64().encodeToString(key.getEncoded());
}
/**
* @param jwt jwt字符串
* @param publicKey 公钥
* @return 解密后的字符串token
*/
private static String parseJwt(String jwt, String publicKey) {
Jwt token = JwtHelper.decodeAndVerify(jwt, new RsaVerifier(publicKey));
return token.getClaims();
}
}
RSA的公钥和私钥到底哪个才是用来加密和哪个用来解密?
- 既然是加密,那肯定是不希望别人知道我的消息,所以只有我才能解密,所以可得出公钥负责加密,私钥负责解密;同理,既然是签名,那肯定是不希望有人冒充我发消息,只有我才能发布这个签名,所以可得出私钥负责签名,公钥负责验证。
注:
JWT保证的是数据传输过程中的完整性而不是机密性。
由于payload是使用base64url编码的,所以相当于明文传输,如果在payload中携带了敏感信息(如存放密钥对的文件路径),单独对payload部分进行base64url解码,就可以读取到payload中携带的信息。
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