SaltStack入门篇（四）之深入理解SaltStack远程执行

1.目标
2.执行模块
3.返回

salt    ‘*’    cmd.run    ‘uptime’

命令    目标    执行模块    执行模块参数

1、SlatStack远程执行–目标

执行目标：https://docs.saltstack.com/en/latest/topics/targeting/index.html#advanced-targeting-methods

（1）和Minion ID相关的目标匹配方式

、MinionID匹配

[root@linux-node1 ~]# salt 'linux-node1.example.com' service.status sshd

linux-node1.example.com:

    True

、通配符* ? [-]等匹配

[root@linux-node1 ~]# salt 'linux*' service.status sshd

linux-node2.example.com:

    True

linux-node1.example.com:

    True

[root@linux-node1 ~]# salt 'linux-node?.example.com' service.status sshd

linux-node2.example.com:

    True

linux-node1.example.com:

    True

[root@linux-node1 ~]# salt 'linux-node[1-2].example.com' service.status sshd

linux-node2.example.com:

    True

linux-node1.example.com:

    True

、列表匹配

[root@linux-node1 ~]# salt -L 'linux-node1.example.com,linux-node2.example.com' test.ping

linux-node2.example.com:

    True

linux-node1.example.com:

    True

、正则表达式匹配

[root@linux-node1 ~]# salt -E 'linux-(node1|node2)*' test.ping

linux-node2.example.com:

    True

linux-node1.example.com:

    True

（2）和Minion无关匹配

、Grains匹配

[root@linux-node1 ~]# salt -G 'os:CentOS' test.ping

linux-node2.example.com:

    True

linux-node1.example.com:

    True

、子网、IP地址匹配

[root@linux-node1 ~]# salt -S '192.168.56.0/24' test.ping

linux-node1.example.com:

    True

linux-node2.example.com:

    True

、Pillar匹配

#这里目标key:value，是在pillar系统中定义

[root@linux-node1 ~]# salt -I 'apache:httpd' test.ping

linux-node2.example.com:

    True

linux-node1.example.com:

    True

（3）混合匹配（少用）

（4）Node Groups匹配

#在master配置文件进行定义node-groups

[root@linux-node1 ~]# vim /etc/salt/master

nodegroups:

  web-group: 'L@linux-node1.example.com,linux-node2.example.com'

[root@linux-node1 ~]# systemctl restart salt-master

[root@linux-node1 ~]# salt -N web-group test.ping

linux-node2.example.com:

    True

linux-node1.example.com:

    True

（5）批处理执行–Batch size

#先执行1台完成后再执行一台，按比例去执行

[root@linux-node1 ~]# salt '*' -b  test.ping

Executing run on ['linux-node2.example.com']

jid:

linux-node2.example.com:

    True

retcode:

Executing run on ['linux-node1.example.com']

jid:

linux-node1.example.com:

    True

retcode:

#按比例匹配执行，好比在重启服务器时，为了不影响业务，可以先重启一部分，再重启后面一部分

[root@linux-node1 ~]# salt -G 'os:CentOS' --batch-size % test.ping

Executing run on ['linux-node2.example.com']

jid:

linux-node2.example.com:

    True

retcode:

Executing run on ['linux-node1.example.com']

jid:

linux-node1.example.com:

    True

retcode:

2、SlatStack远程执行–执行模块

执行模块：https://docs.saltstack.com/en/latest/ref/modules/all/index.html#all-salt-modules

3、SlatStack远程执行–返回

返回模块：https://docs.saltstack.com/en/latest/ref/returners/index.html
Return组件可以理解为SaltStack系统对执行Minion返回后的数据进行存储或者返回给其他程序，它支持多种存储方式，如MySQL、Redis、ELK、zabbix，通过Return我们可以对SaltStack的每次操作进行记录，对以后的日志审计提供了数据来源。
Return是在Master端触发任务，然后Minion接受处理任务直接与Return存储服务器建立链接，然后把数据存储到服务器。
返回是minion直接将命令执行结果写入到MySQL，需要的依赖包：MySQL-python

（1）SATL.RETURNERS.MYSQL（minion返回MySQL）

（）所有minion需要安装MySQL-python

[root@linux-node1 ~]# salt '*' cmd.run 'yum install -y MySQL-python'

[root@linux-node1 ~]# salt '*' pkg.install MySQL-python    #使用pkg模块安装MySQL-python

（）安装mariadb数据库

[root@linux-node1 ~]# yum install -y mariadb-server

[root@linux-node1 ~]# systemctl start mariadb

（）创建salt库，创建jid、salt_returns、salt_events表，授权

[root@linux-node1 ~]# mysql -uroot -p

Enter password:

MariaDB [(none)]> CREATE DATABASE  `salt`

    ->   DEFAULT CHARACTER SET utf8

    ->   DEFAULT COLLATE utf8_general_ci;

Query OK,  row affected (0.00 sec)

MariaDB [(none)]> USE `salt`;

Database changed

MariaDB [salt]> CREATE TABLE `jids` (

    ->   `jid` varchar() NOT NULL,

    ->   `load` mediumtext NOT NULL,

    ->   UNIQUE KEY `jid` (`jid`)

    -> ) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;

Query OK,  rows affected (0.00 sec)

MariaDB [salt]> CREATE TABLE `salt_returns` (

    ->   `fun` varchar() NOT NULL,

    ->   `jid` varchar() NOT NULL,

    ->   `return` mediumtext NOT NULL,

    ->   `id` varchar() NOT NULL,

    ->   `success` varchar() NOT NULL,

    ->   `full_ret` mediumtext NOT NULL,

    ->   `alter_time` TIMESTAMP DEFAULT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP,

    ->   KEY `id` (`id`),

    ->   KEY `jid` (`jid`),

    ->   KEY `fun` (`fun`)

    -> ) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;

Query OK,  rows affected (0.03 sec)

MariaDB [salt]> CREATE TABLE `salt_events` (

    -> `id` BIGINT NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,

    -> `tag` varchar() NOT NULL,

    -> `data` mediumtext NOT NULL,

    -> `alter_time` TIMESTAMP DEFAULT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP,

    -> `master_id` varchar() NOT NULL,

    -> PRIMARY KEY (`id`),

    -> KEY `tag` (`tag`)

    -> ) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;

Query OK,  rows affected (0.02 sec)

MariaDB [salt]> show tables;

+----------------+

| Tables_in_salt |

+----------------+

| jids           |

| salt_events    |

| salt_returns   |

+----------------+

 rows in set (0.00 sec)

MariaDB [salt]> grant all on salt.* to salt@'%' identified by 'salt';

Query OK,  rows affected (0.00 sec)

（）修改salt-minion,配置MySQL链接

[root@linux-node2 ~]# vim /etc/salt/minion

######      Returner  settings        ######

############################################

mysql.host: '192.168.56.11'

mysql.user: 'salt'

mysql.pass: 'salt'

mysql.db: 'salt'

mysql.port:

[root@linux-node2 ~]# systemctl restart salt-minion

[root@linux-node1 ~]# vim /etc/salt/minion

######      Returner  settings        ######

############################################

mysql.host: '192.168.56.11'

mysql.user: 'salt'

mysql.pass: 'salt'

mysql.db: 'salt'

mysql.port:

[root@linux-node1 ~]# systemctl restart salt-minion

（）测试，并在数据库查看返回结果

[root@linux-node1 ~]# salt '*' test.ping --return mysql

linux-node2.example.com:

    True

linux-node1.example.com:

    True

MariaDB [salt]> select * from salt_returns;

+-----------+----------------------+--------+-------------------------+---------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+---------------------+

| fun       | jid                  | return | id                      | success | full_ret                                                                                                                                            | alter_time          |

+-----------+----------------------+--------+-------------------------+---------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+---------------------+

| test.ping |  | true   | linux-node2.example.com |        | {"fun_args": [], "jid": "", "return": true, "retcode": , "success": true, "fun": "test.ping", "id": "linux-node2.example.com"} | -- :: |

| test.ping |  | true   | linux-node1.example.com |        | {"fun_args": [], "jid": "", "return": true, "retcode": , "success": true, "fun": "test.ping", "id": "linux-node1.example.com"} | -- :: |

+-----------+----------------------+--------+-------------------------+---------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+---------------------+

 rows in set (0.00 sec)

使用salt的job_cache机制将命令写入mysql（常用方法）

执行的所有命令都会写入mysql，不用使用return，把cache写在mysql

[root@linux-node1 ~]# vim /etc/salt/master

master_job_cache: mysql

mysql.host: '192.168.56.11'

mysql.user: 'salt'

mysql.pass: 'salt'

mysql.db: 'salt'

mysql.port:

[root@linux-node1 ~]# systemctl restart salt-master

[root@linux-node1 ~]# salt '*' cmd.run 'w'

[root@linux-node1 ~]# mysql -uroot -p123456 -e "select * from salt.salt_returns;"

#加上-v参数可以看到jid，并且通过jid可以查看运行的结果

[root@linux-node1 ~]# salt '*' cmd.run 'uptime' -v

Executing job with jid

-------------------------------------------

linux-node2.example.com:

     :: up  days,  :,   users,  load average: 0.00, 0.01, 0.05

linux-node1.example.com:

     :: up  days,  :,   users,  load average: 0.00, 0.06, 0.18

[root@linux-node1 ~]# salt-run jobs.lookup_jid

linux-node1.example.com:

     :: up  days,  :,   users,  load average: 0.00, 0.06, 0.18

linux-node2.example.com:

     :: up  days,  :,   users,  load average: 0.00, 0.01, 0.05

巴特西

SaltStack入门篇（四）之深入理解SaltStack远程执行

1、SlatStack远程执行–目标

2、SlatStack远程执行–执行模块

3、SlatStack远程执行–返回

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