QML动画概述(几十篇相关博客)
QML提供了丰富的动画元素,说起动画,无非是给UI增光添彩罢了。在QML中,动画常常与State和Transition联系在一起,这几个概念(下面的例子中都用到了)都比较简单,相关介绍可查看Qt官方文档,网址如下:
http://doc.qt.io/qt-5/qtquick-statesanimations-topic.html
下面先列举几个QML动画元素,动画效果可“忘文生意”:
PropertyAnimation(常用)
AnchorAnimation
ColorAnimation
NumberAnimation
ParentAnimation
PathAnimation
RotationAnimation
Vector3dAnimation
SequentialAnimation
ParalleAnimation
PauseAnimation
SmoothedAnimation
SpringAnimation
PropertyAction(无动画效果)
ScriptAction
Behavior(设置默认动画)
常见的QML动画有三种表示方式,下面一一说明。
1、使用State和Transition
State改变属性值,Transition实现动画,例子如下:
- import QtQuick 2.2
- Item {
- id: container
- width: 360
- height: 360
- Rectangle {
- id: rect
- width: 100
- height: 100
- color: "blue"
- MouseArea {
- anchors.fill: parent
- // state属性值为空字符串时('')即默认状态
- onClicked: container.state == 'right' ? container.state = '' : container.state = 'right'
- }
- }
- states: State {
- name: "right"
- // rect水平移动
- PropertyChanges {
- target: rect
- x: 260
- }
- }
- transitions: Transition {
- // 数字(x坐标)动画,设置了easing的回弹效果和动画时间
- NumberAnimation {
- property: "x"
- easing.type: Easing.InOutBounce
- duration: 500
- }
- }
- }
2、使用Behavior
直接修改上面的例子,实现同样的动画效果,结果如下:
- import QtQuick 2.2
- Item {
- id: container
- width: 360
- height: 360
- Rectangle {
- id: rect
- width: 100
- height: 100
- color: "blue"
- // 看这里
- Behavior on x {
- NumberAnimation {
- easing.type: Easing.InOutBounce
- duration: 500
- }
- }
- MouseArea {
- anchors.fill: parent
- // 改变rect的x坐标
- onClicked: rect.x = (rect.x == 0 ? 260 : 0)
- }
- }
- }
3、其它
还是在上面例子的基础上修改以实现同样的效果,代码如下:
- import QtQuick 2.2
- Item {
- id: container
- width: 360
- height: 360
- Rectangle {
- id: rect
- width: 100
- height: 100
- color: "blue"
- // rect水平右移
- NumberAnimation on x {
- id: right
- running: false // false
- to: 260
- easing.type: Easing.InOutBounce
- duration: 500
- }
- // rect水平左移
- NumberAnimation on x {
- id: left
- running: false // false
- to: 0
- easing.type: Easing.OutInBounce // 换个easing动画效果
- duration: 500
- }
- MouseArea {
- anchors.fill: parent
- // 判断移动方向
- onClicked: rect.x == 0 ? right.running = true : left.running = true
- }
- }
- }
下面再来看一个有意思的例子,parallel和sequential动画:
- import QtQuick 2.2
- Item {
- id: container
- width: 360
- height: 360
- Rectangle {
- id: up
- width: 100
- height: 100
- color: "blue"
- // 并行动画,水平移动和颜色变化同时进行
- ParallelAnimation {
- id: parallel
- running: false
- PropertyAnimation {
- target: up
- property: "x"
- to: 260
- duration: 500
- }
- PropertyAnimation {
- target: up
- property: "color"
- to: "red"
- duration: 500
- }
- }
- MouseArea {
- anchors.fill: parent
- onClicked: parallel.running = true
- }
- }
- Rectangle {
- id: down
- width: 100
- height: 100
- color: "red"
- anchors.top: up.bottom
- // 串行动画,先进行水平移动,后进行颜色变化
- SequentialAnimation {
- id: sequential
- running: false
- PropertyAnimation {
- target: down
- property: "x"
- to: 260
- duration: 500
- }
- PropertyAnimation {
- target: down
- property: "color"
- to: "blue"
- duration: 500
- }
- }
- MouseArea {
- anchors.fill: parent
- onClicked: sequential.running = true
- }
- }
- }
关于QML动画,Qt官网文档也做了详细的介绍:
http://doc.qt.io/qt-5/qtquick-usecase-animations.html
http://doc.qt.io/qt-5/qtquick-statesanimations-animations.html
http://blog.csdn.net/ieearth/article/details/43986559
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