CentOS7.2下PXE+kickstart自动化安装系统

一、实验环境

操作系统：CentOS Linux release 7.2.1511 (Core)
网卡地址：192.168.100.147/24
光盘镜像：CentOS-7-x86_64-Minimal-1511.iso
安装工具：kickstart + dhcp + tftp + ftp

二、准备工作

2.1 关闭防火墙

[root@localhost ~]# systemctl stop iptables

[root@localhost ~]# systemctl stop firewalld

2.2 关闭selinux

[root@localhost ~]# setenforce 0

[root@localhost ~]# getenforce

Permissive

三、原理和流程图

四、DHCP服务安装及配置

4.1 安装dhcp

[root@localhost ~]# yum install dhcp -y

4.2 配置dhcpd

[root@localhost ~]# vi /etc/dhcp/dhcpd.conf

default-lease-time 600;

max-lease-time 7200;

log-facility local7;

subnet 192.168.100.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 {

        option routers                  192.168.100.2;

        option subnet-mask              255.255.255.0;

        option domain-name-servers      192.168.100.2;

        option time-offset              -18000; # Eastern Standard Time

        range dynamic-bootp 192.168.100.60 192.168.100.100;

        default-lease-time 21600;

        max-lease-time 43200;

        next-server 192.168.100.147;

        filename "pxelinux.0";

}

4.3 启动dhcpd

[root@localhost ~]# systemctl start dhcpd

4.4 dhcp服务测试

[root@localhost ~]# ss -nulp | grep dhcpd

UNCONN     0      0            *:67                       *:*                   users:(("dhcpd",pid=8769,fd=7))

UNCONN     0      0            *:7773                     *:*                   users:(("dhcpd",pid=8769,fd=20))

UNCONN     0      0           :::55406                   :::*                   users:(("dhcpd",pid=8769,fd=21))

也可以启动新服务器，看看能否获取到IP地址

4.5 设置开机自启动（可选）

[root@localhost ~]# systemctl enable dhcpd

Created symlink from /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/dhcpd.service to /usr/lib/systemd/system/dhcpd.service.

五、ftp服务安装及配置

5.1 安装vsftpd

[root@localhost ~]# yum install -y vsftpd

5.2 配置vsftpd

使用默认配置即可

5.3 挂载系统盘

系统安装盘挂载到 /var/ftp/pub 目录下，不要挂载到其它地方，因为 /var/ftp 是 anonymous 匿名用户的家目录

如果是光驱，可以这样挂

[root@localhost ~]# mount /dev/cdrom /var/ftp/pub

mount: /dev/sr0 is write-protected, mounting read-only

如果是光盘镜像，可以这样挂

[root@localhost ~]# mount /opt/CentOS-7-x86_64-Minimal-1511.iso /var/ftp/pub -o loop

mount: /dev/loop0 is write-protected, mounting read-only

查看光盘内容

[root@localhost ~]# ls /var/ftp/pub

CentOS_BuildTag  EULA  images    LiveOS    repodata              RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-Testing-7

EFI              GPL   isolinux  Packages  RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-7  TRANS.TBL

5.4 启动vsftpd服务

[root@localhost ~]# systemctl start vsftpd

5.5 ftp服务器测试

[root@localhost ~]# ftp 192.168.100.147

Connected to 192.168.100.147 (192.168.100.147).

220 (vsFTPd 3.0.2)

Name (192.168.100.147:root): anonymous

331 Please specify the password.

Password:

230 Login successful.

Remote system type is UNIX.

Using binary mode to transfer files.

ftp> ls

227 Entering Passive Mode (192,168,100,147,113,88).

150 Here comes the directory listing.

-rw-r--r--    1 0        0            1068 Aug 09 08:56 ks.cfg

dr-xr-xr-x    8 0        0            2048 Dec 09  2015 pub

226 Directory send OK.

ftp> get ks.cfg

local: ks.cfg remote: ks.cfg

227 Entering Passive Mode (192,168,100,147,126,155).

150 Opening BINARY mode data connection for ks.cfg (1068 bytes).

226 Transfer complete.

1068 bytes received in 6.8e-05 secs (15705.88 Kbytes/sec)

ftp> quit

221 Goodbye.

[root@localhost ~]# ls

anaconda-ks.cfg  ks.cfg

成功拿到 ks.cfg 则表示 ftp 服务正常

5.6 设置开机自启动（可选）

[root@localhost ~]# systemctl enable vsftpd

Created symlink from /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/vsftpd.service to /usr/lib/systemd/system/vsftpd.service.

六、tftp服务安装及配置

6.1 安装tftp和xinetd服务

[root@localhost ~]# yum install -y xinetd

[root@localhost ~]# yum install -y tftp-server tftp syslinux-tftpboot

6.2 配置xinetd

[root@localhost ~]# vi /etc/xinetd.d/tftp

service tftp

{

        socket_type             = dgram

        protocol                = udp

        wait                    = yes

        user                    = root

        server                  = /usr/sbin/in.tftpd

        server_args             = -s /var/lib/tftpboot

        #默认disable是yes的，把它改为no即可

        disable                 = no

        per_source              = 11

        cps                     = 100 2

        flags                   = IPv4

}

6.3 配置tftp-server

[root@localhost ~]# cp /var/ftp/pub/images/pxeboot/initrd.img  /var/lib/tftpboot/

[root@localhost ~]# cp /var/ftp/pub/images/pxeboot/vmlinuz     /var/lib/tftpboot/

[root@localhost ~]# mkdir /var/lib/tftpboot/pxelinux.cfg

[root@localhost ~]# vi /var/lib/tftpboot/pxelinux.cfg/default

default linux

prompt 1

timeout 60

display boot.msg

label linux

  kernel vmlinuz

  append initrd=initrd.img text ks=ftp://192.168.100.147/ks.cfg

6.4 配置kickstart

以 ~/anaconda-ks.cfg 为模板，再做一些适当的修改

[root@localhost ~]# cp ~/anaconda-ks.cfg /var/ftp/ks.cfg

[root@localhost ~]# vi /var/ftp/ks.cfg

#version=DEVEL

# System authorization information

auth --enableshadow --passalgo=sha512

# Install OS instead of upgrade

install

# Use network installation

url --url=ftp://192.168.100.147/pub

# Use graphical install

graphical

# Run the Setup Agent on first boot

firstboot --enable

# Keyboard layouts

keyboard --vckeymap=us --xlayouts='us'

# System language

lang en_US.UTF-8 --addsupport=zh_CN.UTF-8

# Network information

network  --bootproto=dhcp --device=eno16777736 --onboot=yes --ipv6=auto

network  --hostname=localhost.localdomain

# Root password

# root密码是: rootroot

rootpw --iscrypted $6$7gdZF8XhDef10LyT$2uRiP4qFYaBBTgpggKU/BXKgMDJLWN/BriXXgBwyzkjaz9G9YP/xD08I1OJfgBcPMoURsE5inVIoX.J6aERmR0

# System services

services --disabled="chronyd"

# System timezone

timezone Asia/Shanghai --isUtc --nontp

# System bootloader configuration

bootloader --location=mbr --boot-drive=sda

autopart --type=lvm

# Partition clearing information

clearpart --none --initlabel

%packages

@^minimal

@core

%end

%addon com_RedHat_kdump --disable --reserve-mb='auto'

%end

修改访问权限

[root@localhost ~]# ll /var/ftp/ks.cfg

-rw-------. 1 root root 1083 Aug  8 16:39 /var/ftp/ks.cfg

[root@localhost ~]# chmod +r /var/ftp/ks.cfg

[root@localhost ~]# ll /var/ftp/ks.cfg

-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 1083 Aug  8 16:39 /var/ftp/ks.cfg

6.5 启动tftp服务

[root@localhost ~]# systemctl start xinetd

6.6 测试tftp服务

[root@localhost ~]# ls

anaconda-ks.cfg  ks.cfg

[root@localhost ~]# tftp 192.168.100.147

tftp> get vmlinuz

tftp> quit

[root@localhost ~]# ls

anaconda-ks.cfg  ks.cfg  vmlinuz

如果能成功拿到 vmlinuz 文件，则表示 tftp 服务器状态正常

6.7 设置开机自启动（可选）

[root@localhost ~]# systemctl enable xinetd

Created symlink from /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/xinetd.service to /usr/lib/systemd/system/xinetd.service.

七、启动安装

到这里已经配置完成了。

系统安装前，需要设置BIOS从网卡启动，安装完后马上改回去

八、注意事项

注意dhcp冲突
注意权限
注意防火墙
注意selinux

巴特西