$ cat /usr/share/doc/wireshark-common/README.Debian

I. Capturing packets with Wireshark/Tshark

There are two ways of installing Wireshark/Tshark on Debian:

I./a. Installing dumpcap without allowing non-root users to capture packets

Only root user will be able to capture packets. It is advised to capture
packets with the bundled dumpcap program as root and then run
Wireshark/Tshark as an ordinary user to analyze the captured logs. [2]

This is the default on Debian systems.

I./b. Installing dumpcap and allowing non-root users to capture packets

Members of the wireshark group will be able to capture packets on network
      interfaces. This is the preferred way of installation if Wireshark/Tshark
      will be used for capturing and displaying packets at the same time, since
      that way only the dumpcap process has to be run with elevated（提高的） privileges
      thanks to the privilege separation[1].

Note that no user will be added to group wireshark automatically, the
system administrator has to add them manually.

The additional privileges are provided using the Linux Capabilities
      system where it is available and resort(努力) to setting the set-user-id bit
      of the dumpcap binary as a fall-back, where the Linux Capabilities system
      is not present (Debian GNU/kFreeBSD, Debian GNU/Hurd).

Linux kernels provided by Debian support Linux Capabilities, but custom
      built kernels may lack this support. If the support for Linux
      Capabilities is not present at the time of installing wireshark-common
      package, the installer will fall back to set the set-user-id bit to
      allow non-root users to capture packets.

If installation succeeds with using Linux Capabilities, non-root users
will not be able to capture packets while running kernels not supporting
Linux Capabilities.

Note that capturing USB packets（USB网卡的数据包吗?） is not enabled for non-root users by using
      Linux Capabilities. You have to capture the packets using the method
      described in I./a., setting the set-user-id permanently using
      dpkg-statoverride or running Wireshark as root.

The installation method can be changed any time by running:
dpkg-reconfigure wireshark-common

II. Installing SNMP MIBs

SNMP [4] OIDs can be decoded using MIBs provided by other packages.
wireshark-common suggests snmp-mibs-downloader which package can be used to
download a set of common MIBs Wireshark/Tshark tries to load at startup.

《

SNMP：简单网络传输协议

OID：SNMP对象标识符

ubuntu 12.04 安装

$ sudo apt-get install snmp-mibs-downloader
》
    At the time of writing, MIBs are distributed under DFSG incompatible terms
    [5] thus snmp-mibs-downloader has to be in the non-free archive area.
    To keep wireshark in the main area [7], wireshark-common does not depend on
    or recommend snmp-mibs-downloader and as a result snmp-mibs-downloader is
    not installed automatically with wireshark.

To make Wireshark/Tshark able to decode OIDs, please install
snmp-mibs-downloader manually.

To help Wireshark/Tshark to decode OIDs without having to install packages
manually, please support the initiative of requesting additional rights
from RFC authors [5].

[1] http://wiki.wireshark.org/Development/PrivilegeSeparation
   [2] http://wiki.wireshark.org/CaptureSetup/CapturePrivileges
   [3] https://blog.wireshark.org/2010/02/running-wireshark-as-you
   [4] http://wiki.wireshark.org/SNMP
   [5] http://wiki.debian.org/NonFreeIETFDocuments
   [6] http://www.debian.org/doc/debian-policy/ch-archive.html#s-non-free
   [7] http://www.debian.org/doc/debian-policy/ch-archive.html#s-main

巴特西

$ cat /usr/share/doc/wireshark-common/README.Debian

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