基于springboot的RestTemplate、okhttp和HttpClient对比

1、HttpClient：代码复杂，还得操心资源回收等。代码很复杂，冗余代码多，不建议直接使用。

2、RestTemplate：是 Spring 提供的用于访问Rest服务的客户端， RestTemplate 提供了多种便捷访问远程Http服务的方法,能够大大提高客户端的编写效率。

引入jar包：

        <dependency>

            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>

            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>

        </dependency>

添加初始化配置（也可以不配，有默认的）--注意RestTemplate只有初始化配置，没有什么连接池

package com.itunion.config;

import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;

import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;

import org.springframework.http.client.ClientHttpRequestFactory;

import org.springframework.http.client.SimpleClientHttpRequestFactory;

import org.springframework.web.client.RestTemplate;

@Configuration

public class ApiConfig {

    @Bean

    public RestTemplate restTemplate(ClientHttpRequestFactory factory) {

        return new RestTemplate(factory);

    }

    @Bean

    public ClientHttpRequestFactory simpleClientHttpRequestFactory() {

        SimpleClientHttpRequestFactory factory = new SimpleClientHttpRequestFactory();//默认的是JDK提供http连接，需要的话可以//通过setRequestFactory方法替换为例如Apache HttpComponents、Netty或//OkHttp等其它HTTP library。

        factory.setReadTimeout(5000);//单位为ms

        factory.setConnectTimeout(5000);//单位为ms

        return factory;

    }

}

　　1）get请求（不带参的即把参数取消即可）

// 1-getForObject()

User user1 = this.restTemplate.getForObject(uri, User.class);

// 2-getForEntity()

ResponseEntity<User> responseEntity1 = this.restTemplate.getForEntity(uri, User.class);

HttpStatus statusCode = responseEntity1.getStatusCode();

HttpHeaders header = responseEntity1.getHeaders();

User user2 = responseEntity1.getBody();

// 3-exchange()

RequestEntity requestEntity = RequestEntity.get(new URI(uri)).build();

ResponseEntity<User> responseEntity2 = this.restTemplate.exchange(requestEntity, User.class);

User user3 = responseEntity2.getBody();

　　　　方式一：

Notice notice = restTemplate.getForObject("http://fantj.top/notice/list/{1}/{2}"

                , Notice.class,1,5);

　　　　方式二：

Map<String,String> map = new HashMap();

        map.put("start","1");

        map.put("page","5");

        Notice notice = restTemplate.getForObject("http://fantj.top/notice/list/"

                , Notice.class,map);

　　2）post请求：

// 1-postForObject()

User user1 = this.restTemplate.postForObject(uri, user, User.class);

// 2-postForEntity()

ResponseEntity<User> responseEntity1 = this.restTemplate.postForEntity(uri, user, User.class);

// 3-exchange()

RequestEntity<User> requestEntity = RequestEntity.post(new URI(uri)).body(user);

ResponseEntity<User> responseEntity2 = this.restTemplate.exchange(requestEntity, User.class);

　　方式一：

String url = "http://demo/api/book/";

        HttpHeaders headers = new HttpHeaders();

        MediaType type = MediaType.parseMediaType("application/json; charset=UTF-8");

        headers.setContentType(type);

        String requestJson = "{...}";

        HttpEntity<String> entity = new HttpEntity<String>(requestJson,headers);

        String result = restTemplate.postForObject(url, entity, String.class);

        System.out.println(result);

　　方式二：

@Test

public void rtPostObject(){

    RestTemplate restTemplate = new RestTemplate();

    String url = "http://47.xxx.xxx.96/register/checkEmail";

    HttpHeaders headers = new HttpHeaders();

    headers.setContentType(MediaType.APPLICATION_FORM_URLENCODED);

    MultiValueMap<String, String> map= new LinkedMultiValueMap<>();

    map.add("email", "844072586@qq.com");

    HttpEntity<MultiValueMap<String, String>> request = new HttpEntity<>(map, headers);

    ResponseEntity<String> response = restTemplate.postForEntity( url, request , String.class );

    System.out.println(response.getBody());

}

其它：还支持上传和下载功能；

3、okhttp：OkHttp是一个高效的HTTP客户端，允许所有同一个主机地址的请求共享同一个socket连接；连接池减少请求延时；透明的GZIP压缩减少响应数据的大小；缓存响应内容，避免一些完全重复的请求

当网络出现问题的时候OkHttp依然坚守自己的职责，它会自动恢复一般的连接问题，如果你的服务有多个IP地址，当第一个IP请求失败时，OkHttp会交替尝试你配置的其他IP，OkHttp使用现代TLS技术(SNI, ALPN)初始化新的连接，当握手失败时会回退到TLS 1.0。

1）使用：它的请求/响应 API 使用构造器模式builders来设计，它支持阻塞式的同步请求和带回调的异步请求。

引入jar包：

<dependency>

    <groupId>com.squareup.okhttp3</groupId>

    <artifactId>okhttp</artifactId>

    <version>3.10.0</version>

</dependency>

2）配置文件：

import okhttp3.ConnectionPool;

import okhttp3.OkHttpClient;

import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;

import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;

import javax.net.ssl.SSLContext;

import javax.net.ssl.SSLSocketFactory;

import javax.net.ssl.TrustManager;

import javax.net.ssl.X509TrustManager;

import java.security.KeyManagementException;

import java.security.NoSuchAlgorithmException;

import java.security.SecureRandom;

import java.security.cert.CertificateException;

import java.security.cert.X509Certificate;

import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;

@Configuration

public class OkHttpConfiguration {

    @Bean

    public OkHttpClient okHttpClient() {

        return new OkHttpClient.Builder()

                //.sslSocketFactory(sslSocketFactory(), x509TrustManager())

                .retryOnConnectionFailure(false)

                .connectionPool(pool())

                .connectTimeout(30, TimeUnit.SECONDS)

                .readTimeout(30, TimeUnit.SECONDS)

                .writeTimeout(30,TimeUnit.SECONDS)

                .build();

    }

    @Bean

    public X509TrustManager x509TrustManager() {

        return new X509TrustManager() {

            @Override

            public void checkClientTrusted(X509Certificate[] x509Certificates, String s) throws CertificateException {

            }

            @Override

            public void checkServerTrusted(X509Certificate[] x509Certificates, String s) throws CertificateException {

            }

            @Override

            public X509Certificate[] getAcceptedIssuers() {

                return new X509Certificate[0];

            }

        };

    }

    @Bean

    public SSLSocketFactory sslSocketFactory() {

        try {

            //信任任何链接

            SSLContext sslContext = SSLContext.getInstance("TLS");

            sslContext.init(null, new TrustManager[]{x509TrustManager()}, new SecureRandom());

            return sslContext.getSocketFactory();

        } catch (NoSuchAlgorithmException e) {

            e.printStackTrace();

        } catch (KeyManagementException e) {

            e.printStackTrace();

        }

        return null;

    }

    /**

     * Create a new connection pool with tuning parameters appropriate for a single-user application.

     * The tuning parameters in this pool are subject to change in future OkHttp releases. Currently

     */

    @Bean

    public ConnectionPool pool() {

        return new ConnectionPool(200, 5, TimeUnit.MINUTES);

    }

}

3）util工具：

import okhttp3.*;

import org.apache.commons.lang3.exception.ExceptionUtils;

import org.slf4j.Logger;

import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;

import java.io.File;

import java.util.Iterator;

import java.util.Map;

public class OkHttpUtil{

    private static final Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(OkHttpUtil.class);

    private static OkHttpClient  okHttpClient;

    @Autowired

    public OkHttpUtil(OkHttpClient  okHttpClient) {

        OkHttpUtil.okHttpClient= okHttpClient;

    } 

    /**

     * get

     * @param url     请求的url

     * @param queries 请求的参数，在浏览器？后面的数据，没有可以传null

     * @return

     */

    public static  String get(String url, Map<String, String> queries) {

        String responseBody = "";

        StringBuffer sb = new StringBuffer(url);

        if (queries != null && queries.keySet().size() > 0) {

            boolean firstFlag = true;

            Iterator iterator = queries.entrySet().iterator();

            while (iterator.hasNext()) {

                Map.Entry entry = (Map.Entry<String, String>) iterator.next();

                if (firstFlag) {

                    sb.append("?" + entry.getKey() + "=" + entry.getValue());

                    firstFlag = false;

                } else {

                    sb.append("&" + entry.getKey() + "=" + entry.getValue());

                }

            }

        }

        Request request = new Request.Builder()

                .url(sb.toString())

                .build();

        Response response = null;

        try {

            response = okHttpClient.newCall(request).execute();

            int status = response.code();

            if (response.isSuccessful()) {

                return response.body().string();

            }

        } catch (Exception e) {

            logger.error("okhttp3 put error >> ex = {}", ExceptionUtils.getStackTrace(e));

        } finally {

            if (response != null) {

                response.close();

            }

        }

        return responseBody;

    }

    /**

     * post

     *

     * @param url    请求的url

     * @param params post form 提交的参数

     * @return

     */

    public static String post(String url, Map<String, String> params) {

        String responseBody = "";

        FormBody.Builder builder = new FormBody.Builder();

        //添加参数

        if (params != null && params.keySet().size() > 0) {

            for (String key : params.keySet()) {

                builder.add(key, params.get(key));

            }

        }

        Request request = new Request.Builder()

                .url(url)

                .post(builder.build())

                .build();

        Response response = null;

        try {

            response = okHttpClient.newCall(request).execute();

            int status = response.code();

            if (response.isSuccessful()) {

                return response.body().string();

            }

        } catch (Exception e) {

            logger.error("okhttp3 post error >> ex = {}", ExceptionUtils.getStackTrace(e));

        } finally {

            if (response != null) {

                response.close();

            }

        }

        return responseBody;

    }

    /**

     * get

     * @param url     请求的url

     * @param queries 请求的参数，在浏览器？后面的数据，没有可以传null

     * @return

     */

    public static String getForHeader(String url, Map<String, String> queries) {

        String responseBody = "";

        StringBuffer sb = new StringBuffer(url);

        if (queries != null && queries.keySet().size() > 0) {

            boolean firstFlag = true;

            Iterator iterator = queries.entrySet().iterator();

            while (iterator.hasNext()) {

                Map.Entry entry = (Map.Entry<String, String>) iterator.next();

                if (firstFlag) {

                    sb.append("?" + entry.getKey() + "=" + entry.getValue());

                    firstFlag = false;

                } else {

                    sb.append("&" + entry.getKey() + "=" + entry.getValue());

                }

            }

        }

        Request request = new Request.Builder()

                .addHeader("key", "value")

                .url(sb.toString())

                .build();

        Response response = null;

        try {

            response = okHttpClient.newCall(request).execute();

            int status = response.code();

            if (response.isSuccessful()) {

                return response.body().string();

            }

        } catch (Exception e) {

            logger.error("okhttp3 put error >> ex = {}", ExceptionUtils.getStackTrace(e));

        } finally {

            if (response != null) {

                response.close();

            }

        }

        return responseBody;

    }

    /**

     * Post请求发送JSON数据....{"name":"zhangsan","pwd":"123456"}

     * 参数一：请求Url

     * 参数二：请求的JSON

     * 参数三：请求回调

     */

    public static String postJsonParams(String url, String jsonParams) {

        String responseBody = "";

        RequestBody requestBody = RequestBody.create(MediaType.parse("application/json; charset=utf-8"), jsonParams);

        Request request = new Request.Builder()

                .url(url)

                .post(requestBody)

                .build();

        Response response = null;

        try {

            response = okHttpClient.newCall(request).execute();

            int status = response.code();

            if (response.isSuccessful()) {

                return response.body().string();

            }

        } catch (Exception e) {

            logger.error("okhttp3 post error >> ex = {}", ExceptionUtils.getStackTrace(e));

        } finally {

            if (response != null) {

                response.close();

            }

        }

        return responseBody;

    }

    /**

     * Post请求发送xml数据....

     * 参数一：请求Url

     * 参数二：请求的xmlString

     * 参数三：请求回调

     */

    public static String postXmlParams(String url, String xml) {

        String responseBody = "";

        RequestBody requestBody = RequestBody.create(MediaType.parse("application/xml; charset=utf-8"), xml);

        Request request = new Request.Builder()

                .url(url)

                .post(requestBody)

                .build();

        Response response = null;

        try {

            response = okHttpClient.newCall(request).execute();

            int status = response.code();

            if (response.isSuccessful()) {

                return response.body().string();

            }

        } catch (Exception e) {

            logger.error("okhttp3 post error >> ex = {}", ExceptionUtils.getStackTrace(e));

        } finally {

            if (response != null) {

                response.close();

            }

        }

        return responseBody;

    }

}

巴特西

基于springboot的RestTemplate、okhttp和HttpClient对比

最新文章

热门文章