这是一个综合的实验，包含了静态路由、默认路由、RIP、OSPF四种路由。通过配置，最终实现全网互通。

实验拓扑

如图所示连接，地址规划如下：

名称 接口 IP地址
R1 f0/0 192.168.10.1/24
R1 f0/1 192.168.20.1/24
R2 f0/0 192.168.20.2/24
R2 f0/1 192.168.30.1/24
R3 f0/0 192.168.30.2/24
R3 f0/1 192.168.40.1/24
R3 f1/0 12.0.0.1/24
R3 f2/0 192.168.70.1/24
R4 f0/0 192.168.40.2/24
R4 f0/1 192.168.50.1/24
R5 f0/0 192.168.50.2/24
R5 f0/1 192.168.60.1/24
R6 f0/0 12.0.0.2/24
R6 f0/1 13.0.0.1/24
PC1 e0 192.168.10.2/24
PC2 e0 192.168.70.2/24
PC3 e0 192.168.60.2/24
Server e0 13.0.0.13/24

实验过程

R1

R1#conf t

Enter configuration commands, one per line.  End with CNTL/Z.

R1(config)#int f0/0

R1(config-if)#ip add 192.168.10.1 255.255.255.0

R1(config-if)#no sh

R1(config-if)#ex

R1(config)#int f0/1

R1(config-if)#ip add 192.168.20.1 255.255.255.0

R1(config-if)#no sh

R1(config-if)#ex

R1(config)#ip route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 192.168.20.2

R2

R2#conf t

Enter configuration commands, one per line.  End with CNTL/Z.

R2(config)#int f0/0

R2(config-if)#ip add 192.168.20.2 255.255.255.0

R2(config-if)#no sh

R2(config-if)#ex

R2(config)#int f0/1

R2(config-if)#ip add 192.168.30.1 255.255.255.0

R2(config-if)#no sh

R2(config-if)#ex

R2(config)#router ospf 1

R2(config-router)#router-id 2.2.2.2

R2(config-router)#network 192.168.30.0 0.0.0.255 area 1

R2(config-router)#ex

R2(config)#ip route 192.168.10.0 255.255.255.0 192.168.20.1

R2(config)#router ospf 1

R2(config-router)#redistribute connected subnets

R2(config-router)#redistribute static subnets

R2(config-router)#ex

R3

R3#conf t

Enter configuration commands, one per line.  End with CNTL/Z.

R3(config)#int f0/0

R3(config-if)#ip add 192.168.30.2 255.255.255.0

R3(config-if)#no sh

R3(config-if)#ex

R3(config)#int f0/1

R3(config-if)#ip add 192.168.40.1 255.255.255.0

R3(config-if)#no sh

R3(config-if)#ex

R3(config)#int f1/0

R3(config-if)#ip add 12.0.0.1 255.255.255.0

R3(config-if)#no sh

R3(config-if)#ex

R3(config)#int f2/0

R3(config-if)#ip add 192.168.70.1 255.255.255.0

R3(config-if)#no sh

R3(config-if)#ex

R3(config)#ip route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 12.0.0.2

R3(config)#router ospf 1

R3(config-router)#router-id 3.3.3.3

R3(config-router)#network 192.168.30.0 0.0.0.255 area 1

R3(config-router)#network 192.168.40.0 0.0.0.255 area 0

R3(config-router)#network 192.168.70.0 0.0.0.255 area 0

R3(config-router)#default-information originate

R3(config-router)#ex

R4

R4#conf t

Enter configuration commands, one per line.  End with CNTL/Z.

R4(config)#int f0/0

R4(config-if)#ip add 192.168.40.2 255.255.255.0

R4(config-if)#no sh

R4(config-if)#ex

R4(config)#int f0/1

R4(config-if)#ip add 192.168.50.1 255.255.255.0

R4(config-if)#no sh

R4(config-if)#ex

R4(config)#router rip

R4(config-router)#version 2

R4(config-router)#no auto-summary

R4(config-router)#network 192.168.50.0

R4(config-router)#redistribute ospf 1 metric 5

R4(config-router)#ex

R4(config)#router ospf 1

R4(config-router)#router-id 4.4.4.4

R4(config-router)#network 192.168.40.0 0.0.0.255 area 0

R4(config-router)#redistribute rip subnets

R4(config-router)#ex

R5

R5#conf t

Enter configuration commands, one per line.  End with CNTL/Z.

R5(config)#int f0/0

R5(config-if)#ip add 192.168.50.2 255.255.255.0

R5(config-if)#no sh

R5(config-if)#ex

R5(config)#int f0/1

R5(config-if)#ip add 192.168.60.1 255.255.255.0

R5(config-if)#no sh

R5(config-if)#ex

R5(config)#router rip

R5(config-router)#version 2

R5(config-router)#no auto-summary

R5(config-router)#network 192.168.50.0

R5(config-router)#network 192.168.60.0

R5(config-router)#ex

R6

R6#conf t

Enter configuration commands, one per line.  End with CNTL/Z.

R6(config)#int f0/0

R6(config-if)#ip add 12.0.0.2 255.255.255.0

R6(config-if)#no sh

R6(config-if)#ex

R6(config)#int f0/1

R6(config-if)#ip add 13.0.0.1 255.255.255.0

R6(config-if)#no sh

R6(config-if)#ex

R6(config)#ip route 192.168.0.0 255.255.0.0 12.0.0.1

查看路由表

  • R1
R1(config)#do show ip route

Codes: C - connected, S - static, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP

       D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area

       N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2

       E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2

       i - IS-IS, su - IS-IS summary, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2

       ia - IS-IS inter area, * - candidate default, U - per-user static route

       o - ODR, P - periodic downloaded static route

Gateway of last resort is 192.168.20.2 to network 0.0.0.0

C    192.168.10.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0

C    192.168.20.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/1

S*   0.0.0.0/0 [1/0] via 192.168.20.2
  • R2
R2(config)#do show ip route

Codes: C - connected, S - static, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP

       D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area

       N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2

       E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2

       i - IS-IS, su - IS-IS summary, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2

       ia - IS-IS inter area, * - candidate default, U - per-user static route

       o - ODR, P - periodic downloaded static route

Gateway of last resort is 192.168.30.2 to network 0.0.0.0

C    192.168.30.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/1

O E2 192.168.60.0/24 [110/20] via 192.168.30.2, 00:07:57, FastEthernet0/1

S    192.168.10.0/24 [1/0] via 192.168.20.1

O IA 192.168.40.0/24 [110/20] via 192.168.30.2, 00:22:05, FastEthernet0/1

C    192.168.20.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0

O E2 192.168.50.0/24 [110/20] via 192.168.30.2, 00:12:35, FastEthernet0/1

O IA 192.168.70.0/24 [110/11] via 192.168.30.2, 00:21:37, FastEthernet0/1

O*E2 0.0.0.0/0 [110/1] via 192.168.30.2, 00:21:17, FastEthernet0/1
  • R3
R3(config)#do show ip route

Codes: C - connected, S - static, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP

       D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area

       N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2

       E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2

       i - IS-IS, su - IS-IS summary, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2

       ia - IS-IS inter area, * - candidate default, U - per-user static route

       o - ODR, P - periodic downloaded static route

Gateway of last resort is 12.0.0.2 to network 0.0.0.0

C    192.168.30.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0

O E2 192.168.60.0/24 [110/20] via 192.168.40.2, 00:08:05, FastEthernet0/1

O E2 192.168.10.0/24 [110/20] via 192.168.30.1, 00:22:06, FastEthernet0/0

C    192.168.40.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/1

O E2 192.168.20.0/24 [110/20] via 192.168.30.1, 00:22:06, FastEthernet0/0

     12.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets

C       12.0.0.0 is directly connected, FastEthernet1/0

O E2 192.168.50.0/24 [110/20] via 192.168.40.2, 00:12:50, FastEthernet0/1

C    192.168.70.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet2/0

S*   0.0.0.0/0 [1/0] via 12.0.0.2
  • R4
R4(config)#do show ip route

Codes: C - connected, S - static, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP

       D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area

       N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2

       E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2

       i - IS-IS, su - IS-IS summary, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2

       ia - IS-IS inter area, * - candidate default, U - per-user static route

       o - ODR, P - periodic downloaded static route

Gateway of last resort is 192.168.40.1 to network 0.0.0.0

O IA 192.168.30.0/24 [110/20] via 192.168.40.1, 00:13:22, FastEthernet0/0

R    192.168.60.0/24 [120/1] via 192.168.50.2, 00:00:03, FastEthernet0/1

O E2 192.168.10.0/24 [110/20] via 192.168.40.1, 00:13:22, FastEthernet0/0

C    192.168.40.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0

O E2 192.168.20.0/24 [110/20] via 192.168.40.1, 00:13:22, FastEthernet0/0

C    192.168.50.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/1

O    192.168.70.0/24 [110/11] via 192.168.40.1, 00:13:22, FastEthernet0/0

O*E2 0.0.0.0/0 [110/1] via 192.168.40.1, 00:13:24, FastEthernet0/0
  • R5
R5(config)#do show ip route

Codes: C - connected, S - static, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP

       D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area

       N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2

       E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2

       i - IS-IS, su - IS-IS summary, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2

       ia - IS-IS inter area, * - candidate default, U - per-user static route

       o - ODR, P - periodic downloaded static route

Gateway of last resort is 192.168.50.1 to network 0.0.0.0

R    192.168.30.0/24 [120/5] via 192.168.50.1, 00:00:17, FastEthernet0/0

C    192.168.60.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/1

R    192.168.10.0/24 [120/5] via 192.168.50.1, 00:00:17, FastEthernet0/0

R    192.168.40.0/24 [120/5] via 192.168.50.1, 00:00:17, FastEthernet0/0

R    192.168.20.0/24 [120/5] via 192.168.50.1, 00:00:17, FastEthernet0/0

C    192.168.50.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0

R    192.168.70.0/24 [120/5] via 192.168.50.1, 00:00:17, FastEthernet0/0

R*   0.0.0.0/0 [120/1] via 192.168.50.1, 00:00:19, FastEthernet0/0
  • R6
R6(config)#do show ip route

Codes: C - connected, S - static, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP

       D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area

       N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2

       E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2

       i - IS-IS, su - IS-IS summary, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2

       ia - IS-IS inter area, * - candidate default, U - per-user static route

       o - ODR, P - periodic downloaded static route

Gateway of last resort is not set

     12.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets

C       12.0.0.0 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0

     13.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets

C       13.0.0.0 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/1

S    192.168.0.0/16 [1/0] via 12.0.0.1

验证结果

配置 IP 地址

PC1> ip 192.168.10.2 192.168.10.1

Checking for duplicate address...

PC1 : 192.168.10.2 255.255.255.0 gateway 192.168.10.1


PC2> ip 192.168.70.2 192.168.70.1

Checking for duplicate address...

PC1 : 192.168.70.2 255.255.255.0 gateway 192.168.70.1


PC3> ip 192.168.60.2 192.168.60.1

Checking for duplicate address...

PC1 : 192.168.60.2 255.255.255.0 gateway 192.168.60.1


Server> ip 13.0.0.13 13.0.0.1

Checking for duplicate address...

PC1 : 13.0.0.13 255.255.255.0 gateway 13.0.0.1

ping 测试

PC1> ping 192.168.70.2

192.168.70.2 icmp_seq=1 timeout

192.168.70.2 icmp_seq=2 timeout

84 bytes from 192.168.70.2 icmp_seq=3 ttl=61 time=58.825 ms

84 bytes from 192.168.70.2 icmp_seq=4 ttl=61 time=57.842 ms

84 bytes from 192.168.70.2 icmp_seq=5 ttl=61 time=55.705 ms

PC1> ping 13.0.0.13

13.0.0.13 icmp_seq=1 timeout

13.0.0.13 icmp_seq=2 timeout

84 bytes from 13.0.0.13 icmp_seq=3 ttl=60 time=79.911 ms

84 bytes from 13.0.0.13 icmp_seq=4 ttl=60 time=80.635 ms

84 bytes from 13.0.0.13 icmp_seq=5 ttl=60 time=79.938 ms

PC1> ping 192.168.60.2

192.168.60.2 icmp_seq=1 timeout

84 bytes from 192.168.60.2 icmp_seq=2 ttl=59 time=100.595 ms

84 bytes from 192.168.60.2 icmp_seq=3 ttl=59 time=95.884 ms

84 bytes from 192.168.60.2 icmp_seq=4 ttl=59 time=99.846 ms

84 bytes from 192.168.60.2 icmp_seq=5 ttl=59 time=101.842 ms

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