目录

1       大概思路... 1

2       Nginx集群之SSL证书的WebApi令牌验证... 1

3       Openssl生成SSL证书... 2

4       编写.NET WebApi的OnAuthorization身份验证... 2

5       编写.NET WebApi的ActionFilterAttribute令牌验证... 4

6       编写.NET WebApi的服务端... 6

7       编写.NET WebApi的客户端... 7

8       部署WebApi到局域网内3台PC机... 13

9       Nginx集群配置搭建... 13

10     运行结果... 15

11     总结... 16

1       大概思路

l  Nginx集群之SSL证书的WebApi令牌验证

l  Openssl生成SSL证书

l  编写.NET WebApi的OnAuthorization身份验证

l  编写.NET WebApi的ActionFilterAttribute令牌验证

l  编写.NET WebApi的服务端

l  编写.NET WebApi的客户端

l  部署WebApi到局域网内3台PC机

l  Nginx集群配置搭建

l  运行结果

l  总结

2       Nginx集群之SSL证书的WebApi令牌验证

Nginx在WebApi集群，除了OAUTH身份验证外，针对移动端的手机、平板电脑等，还经常使用Token令牌验证，通过服务器授权发出有效期的Token，客户端通过此Token在当前有效期内，进行访问获取信息数据。

Token验证在很多方面都广泛应用，举一个实际应用场景：A客户想通过接收邮件或者短信网址打开一个URL的PDF报表，但是又不想安装APP、或者访问我们的系统，连登录都不想登录。这时候，便可以使用一个有效期的Token，然后结合URL发送给用户，过了有效期，当前URL就失效。便可以解决用户临时访问的问题。

以下是本文讲述的主要结构图：

客户端输入用户名密码服务器，通过了用户名密码验证，其中一台WebApi服务器生成一个Token并返回https的响应。客户端收到Token保存在本地，带上token发出ajax请求、WebRequest请求，经过Action过滤器的检验，访问Action并返回数据。

Token令牌身份验证机制：

Nginx集群之SSL证书的WebApi令牌验证，如下图所示：

3       Openssl生成SSL证书

请参照《Nginx集群之SSL证书的WebApi微服务》

http://www.cnblogs.com/yongfeng/p/7921905.html

4       编写.NET WebApi的OnAuthorization身份验证

CustomAuthorizeAttribute.cs

using System.Web.Http;

using System.Web.Http.Controllers;

namespace SSLWebApi.Controllers

{

    public class CustomAuthorizeAttribute : AuthorizeAttribute

    {

        public override void OnAuthorization(HttpActionContext actionContext)

        {

            //判断用户是否登录

            if (actionContext.Request.Headers.Authorization != null)

            {

                string userInfo = System.Text.Encoding.Default.GetString(System.Convert.FromBase64String(actionContext.Request.Headers.Authorization.Parameter));

                //用户验证逻辑

                if (string.Equals(userInfo, string.Format("{0}:{1}", "zhyongfeng", "")))

                {

                    IsAuthorized(actionContext);

                }

                else

                {

                    HandleUnauthorizedRequest(actionContext);

                }

            }

            else

            {

                HandleUnauthorizedRequest(actionContext);

            }

        }

        protected override void HandleUnauthorizedRequest(System.Web.Http.Controllers.HttpActionContext actionContext)

        {

            var challengeMessage = new System.Net.Http.HttpResponseMessage(System.Net.HttpStatusCode.Unauthorized);

            challengeMessage.Headers.Add("WWW-Authenticate", "Basic");

            throw new System.Web.Http.HttpResponseException(challengeMessage);

        }

    }

}

生成Token

BaseController.cs

using SSLWebApi.Models;

using System;

using System.Web;

using System.Web.Http;

namespace SSLWebApi.Controllers

{

    /// <summary>

    /// BaseController继承BaseController则需要身份验证

    /// </summary>

    [CustomAuthorize]

    [RoutePrefix("api/Base")]

    public class BaseController : ApiController

    {

        [HttpGet]

        [Route("Login")]

        public string Login(string userId)

        {

            if (HttpRuntime.Cache.Get(userId) == null)

            {

                return CreateToken(userId);

            }

            else

            {

                HttpRuntime.Cache.Remove(userId);

                return CreateToken(userId);

            }

        }

        /// <summary>

        /// 生成token

        /// </summary>

        /// <param name="userId"></param>

        /// <returns></returns>

        private string CreateToken(string userId)

        {

            Token token = new Token();

            token.UserId = userId;

            token.SignToken = Guid.NewGuid();

            token.Seconds = ;

            token.ExpireTime = DateTime.Now.AddSeconds(token.Seconds);

            HttpRuntime.Cache.Insert(token.UserId, token, null, token.ExpireTime, TimeSpan.Zero);

            return token.SignToken.ToString();

        }

    }

}

5       编写.NET WebApi的ActionFilterAttribute令牌验证

WebApiSecurityFilter.cs

using SSLWebApi.Models;

using System;

using System.Linq;

using System.Net.Http;

using System.Web;

using System.Web.Http.Controllers;

using System.Web.Http.Filters;

namespace SSLWebApi.Filter

{

    public class WebApiSecurityFilter : ActionFilterAttribute

    {

        public override void OnActionExecuting(HttpActionContext actionContext)

        {

            if (actionContext.ActionDescriptor.ActionName == "Login")

            {

                //登录成功则生成token

                base.OnActionExecuting(actionContext);

                return;

            }

            else

            {

                //判断token令牌

                HttpRequestMessage request = actionContext.Request;

                string staffid = request.Headers.Contains("userid") ? HttpUtility.UrlDecode(request.Headers.GetValues("userid").FirstOrDefault()) : string.Empty;

                string timestamp = request.Headers.Contains("timestamp") ? HttpUtility.UrlDecode(request.Headers.GetValues("timestamp").FirstOrDefault()) : string.Empty;

                string nonce = request.Headers.Contains("nonce") ? HttpUtility.UrlDecode(request.Headers.GetValues("nonce").FirstOrDefault()) : string.Empty;

                string signature = request.Headers.Contains("signature") ? HttpUtility.UrlDecode(request.Headers.GetValues("signature").FirstOrDefault()) : string.Empty;

                if (String.IsNullOrEmpty(staffid) || String.IsNullOrEmpty(timestamp) || String.IsNullOrEmpty(nonce) || String.IsNullOrEmpty(signature))

                {

                    //令牌检验不通过

                    actionContext.Response = new HttpResponseMessage(System.Net.HttpStatusCode.Forbidden);

                    return;

                }

                else

                {

                    //令牌检验token失效

                    if (HttpRuntime.Cache.Get(staffid) == null)

                    {

                        actionContext.Response = new HttpResponseMessage(System.Net.HttpStatusCode.Forbidden);

                        return;

                    }

                    else

                    {

                        //停牌检验2：判断timespan是否失效

                        Token token = (Token)HttpRuntime.Cache.Get(staffid);

                        double ts1 = ;

                        bool timespanvalidate = double.TryParse(timestamp, out ts1);

                        double ts2 = (token.ExpireTime - new DateTime(, , , , , , )).TotalSeconds;

                        bool flag = (ts2 - ts1) > token.Seconds ? true : false;

                        bool tokenFlag = (token.SignToken.ToString() == signature) ? true : false;

                        if (timespanvalidate && (!flag) && tokenFlag)

                        {

                            //时间转换成功、时间有效、token值相等

                            //令牌通过

                            base.OnActionExecuting(actionContext);

                            return;

                        }

                        else

                        {

                            actionContext.Response = new HttpResponseMessage(System.Net.HttpStatusCode.Forbidden);

                            return;

                        }

                    }

                }

            }

        }

    }

}

6       编写.NET WebApi的服务端

UserController.cs

using System;

using System.Net;

using System.Web.Http;

namespace SSLWebApi.Controllers

{

    [RoutePrefix("api/User")]

    public class UserController : ApiController

    {

        /// <summary>

        /// 获取当前用户信息

        /// </summary>

        /// <param name="msg"></param>

        /// <returns></returns>

        [HttpPost]

        [Route("PostMessage")]

        public string PostMessage(dynamic obj)

        {

            return string.Format("当前输入的消息是:{0}", Convert.ToString(obj.msg));

        }

        [Route("GetMachine")]

        public string GetMachine()

        {

            string AddressIP = string.Empty;

            foreach (IPAddress _IPAddress in Dns.GetHostEntry(Dns.GetHostName()).AddressList)

            {

                if (_IPAddress.AddressFamily.ToString() == "InterNetwork")

                {

                    AddressIP = _IPAddress.ToString();

                }

            }

            return string.Format("当前WebApi部署的IP是：{0}", AddressIP);

        }

    }

}

7       编写.NET WebApi的客户端

WebApiHelper.cs

using Newtonsoft.Json;

using System;

using System.IO;

using System.Net;

using System.Text;

namespace SSLWebApiClient.Common

{

    public class WebApiHelper

    {

        /// <summary>

        /// Post请求

        /// </summary>

        /// <typeparam name="T"></typeparam>

        /// <param name="url">url</param>

        /// <param name="data">数据</param>

        /// <param name="userid">帐户</param>

        /// <param name="signature">数字签名</param>

        /// <returns></returns>

        public static string Post(string url, string data, string userid, string signature)

        {

            return PostData(url, data, userid, signature);

        }

        /// <summary>

        /// Post请求

        /// </summary>

        /// <typeparam name="T"></typeparam>

        /// <param name="url">url</param>

        /// <param name="data">数据</param>

        /// <param name="userid">帐户</param>

        /// <param name="signature">数字签名</param>

        /// <returns></returns>

        public static T Post<T>(string url, string data, string userid, string signature)

        {

            return JsonConvert.DeserializeObject<T>(Post(url, data, userid, signature));

        }

        /// <summary>

        ///

        /// </summary>

        /// <param name="webApi"></param>

        /// <param name="queryStr"></param>

        /// <param name="userid"></param>

        /// <param name="signature"></param>

        /// <returns></returns>

        public static string Get(string webApi, string queryStr, string userid, string signature)

        {

            return GetData(webApi, queryStr, userid, signature);

        }

        /// <summary>

        /// Get请求

        /// </summary>

        /// <typeparam name="T"></typeparam>

        /// <param name="webApi"></param>

        /// <param name="query"></param>

        /// <param name="queryStr"></param>

        /// <param name="userid"></param>

        /// <param name="signature"></param>

        /// <returns></returns>

        public static T Get<T>(string webApi, string queryStr, string userid, string signature)

        {

            return JsonConvert.DeserializeObject<T>(GetData(webApi, queryStr, userid, signature));

        }

        /// <summary>

        /// 获取时间戳

        /// </summary>

        /// <returns></returns>

        private static string GetTimeStamp()

        {

            TimeSpan ts = DateTime.Now - new DateTime(, , , , , , );

            return ts.TotalSeconds.ToString();

        }

        /// <summary>

        /// 获取随机数

        /// </summary>

        /// <returns></returns>

        private static string GetRandom()

        {

            Random rd = new Random(DateTime.Now.Millisecond);

            int i = rd.Next(, int.MaxValue);

            return i.ToString();

        }

        /// <summary>

        /// Post请求

        /// </summary>

        /// <param name="url"></param>

        /// <param name="data"></param>

        /// <param name="userid">用户名称</param>

        /// <param name="signature">数字签名</param>

        /// <returns></returns>

        private static string PostData(string url, string data, string userid, string signature)

        {

            try

            {

                byte[] bytes = Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(data);

                HttpWebRequest request = (HttpWebRequest)WebRequest.Create(url);

                string timeStamp = GetTimeStamp();

                string nonce = GetRandom();

                //加入头信息

                //当前请求用户

                request.Headers.Add("userid", userid);

                //发起请求时的时间戳（单位：秒）

                request.Headers.Add("timestamp", timeStamp);

                //发起请求时的时间戳（单位：秒）

                request.Headers.Add("nonce", nonce);

                //当前请求内容的数字签名

                request.Headers.Add("signature", signature);

                //写数据

                request.Method = "POST";

                request.ContentLength = bytes.Length;

                request.ContentType = "application/json";

                request.GetRequestStream().Write(bytes, , bytes.Length);

                //读数据

                request.Timeout = ;

                request.Headers.Set("Pragma", "no-cache");

                HttpWebResponse response = (HttpWebResponse)request.GetResponse();

                Stream streamReceive = response.GetResponseStream();

                StreamReader streamReader = new StreamReader(streamReceive, Encoding.UTF8);

                string strResult = streamReader.ReadToEnd();

                //关闭流

                //reqstream.Close();

                streamReader.Close();

                streamReceive.Close();

                request.Abort();

                response.Close();

                return strResult;

            }

            catch (Exception ex)

            {

                return ex.Message;

            }

        }

        /// <summary>

        /// Get请求

        /// </summary>

        /// <param name="webApi"></param>

        /// <param name="queryStr"></param>

        /// <param name="userid"></param>

        /// <param name="signature"></param>

        /// <returns></returns>

        private static string GetData(string webApi, string queryStr, string userid, string signature)

        {

            try

            {

                HttpWebRequest request = (HttpWebRequest)WebRequest.Create(webApi + "?" + queryStr);

                string timeStamp = GetTimeStamp();

                string nonce = GetRandom();

                //加入头信息

                //当前请求用户

                request.Headers.Add("userid", userid);

                //发起请求时的时间戳（单位：秒）

                request.Headers.Add("timestamp", timeStamp);

                //发起请求时的时间戳（单位：秒）

                request.Headers.Add("nonce", nonce);

                //当前请求内容的数字签名

                request.Headers.Add("signature", signature);

                request.Method = "GET";

                request.ContentType = "application/json";

                request.Timeout = ;

                request.Headers.Set("Pragma", "no-cache");

                HttpWebResponse response = (HttpWebResponse)request.GetResponse();

                Stream streamReceive = response.GetResponseStream();

                StreamReader streamReader = new StreamReader(streamReceive, Encoding.UTF8);

                string strResult = streamReader.ReadToEnd();

                streamReader.Close();

                streamReceive.Close();

                request.Abort();

                response.Close();

                return strResult;

            }

            catch (Exception ex)

            {

                return ex.Message;

            }

        }

    }

}

Program.cs

using System;

using System.IO;

using System.Net;

using System.Text;

using Newtonsoft.Json;

namespace SSLWebApiClient

{

    class Program

    {

        static void Main(string[] args)

        {

            string basicUrl = "http://localhost:20107";

            string html = string.Empty;

            for (int i = ; i < ; i++)

            {

                //https协议基本认证 Authorization

                string url = basicUrl + "/api/base/Login?userId=zhyongfeng";

                ServicePointManager.ServerCertificateValidationCallback = delegate { return true; };

                HttpWebRequest req = (HttpWebRequest)WebRequest.Create(url);

                NetworkCredential credential = new NetworkCredential("zhyongfeng", "");

                req.Credentials = credential;

                HttpWebResponse response = (HttpWebResponse)req.GetResponse();

                Stream responseStream = response.GetResponseStream();

                StreamReader streamReader = new StreamReader(responseStream, Encoding.UTF8);

                html = streamReader.ReadToEnd().Replace("\"", "");

                Console.WriteLine("Token服务器保存时间为12s");

                Console.WriteLine(String.Format("服务器返回的Token值为:{0}", html));

            }

            //token设置了12s有效期

            for (int j = ; j < ; j++)

            {

                System.Threading.Thread.Sleep();

                string url = basicUrl + "/api/user/PostMessage";

                Console.WriteLine(Common.WebApiHelper.Post(url, JsonConvert.SerializeObject(new { msg = "hello" }), "zhyongfeng", html));

            }

            for (int j = ; j < ; j++)

            {

                System.Threading.Thread.Sleep();

                string url = basicUrl + "/api/user/GetMachine";

                Console.WriteLine(Common.WebApiHelper.Get(url, null, "zhyongfeng", html));

            }

            Console.Read();

        }

    }

}

8       部署WebApi到局域网内3台PC机

将WebApi部署到以下10.92.202.56的3台PC机

9       Nginx集群配置搭建

通过自主义域名zhyongfeng.com：80端口进行负载均衡集群访问，则访问C:\Windows\System32\drivers\etc\hosts，添加下列“本机IP 自定义的域名”：

10.93.85.66     zhyongfeng.com

Nginx的集群配置：

#user  nobody;

worker_processes  1;

events {

    worker_connections  1024;

}

http {

    include       mime.types;

    default_type  application/octet-stream;

    sendfile        on;

    keepalive_timeout  65;

    #server {

    #    listen       80;

    #    server_name  localhost;

    #    location / {

    #        root   html;

    #        index  index.html index.htm;

    #    }

    #    error_page   500 502 503 504  /50x.html;

    #    location = /50x.html {

    #        root   html;

    #    }

    #}

    upstream zhyongfeng.com {

        server    10.92.202.56:560;

        server    10.92.202.57:570;

        server    10.92.202.58:580;

    }

    server {

        listen       80;

        server_name  zhyongfeng.com;

        rewrite ^(.*)$  https://$host$1 permanent;

    }

    # HTTPS server

    #

    server {

        listen       443 ssl;

        server_name  zhyongfeng.com;

        ssl_certificate      server.crt;

        ssl_certificate_key  server_nopass.key;

    #    ssl_session_cache    shared:SSL:1m;

    #    ssl_session_timeout  5m;

    #    ssl_ciphers  HIGH:!aNULL:!MD5;

    #    ssl_prefer_server_ciphers  on;

        location / {

            proxy_pass   http://zhyongfeng.com;

        }

    }

}

运行CMD：

D:\DTLDownLoads\nginx-1.10.2>start nginx

D:\DTLDownLoads\nginx-1.10.2>nginx -s reload

10             运行结果

因只有其中一台计算生成了相应的Token值（这里只做其中一台，如果要三台都能够响应，可以用redis做相应的Token值存储）

其中一台10.92.202.58生成了Token值，运行结果如下：

  • 访问指定的http://10.92.202.56:560

因Token值设定了12s后失效，则返回“远程服务器返回错误：<403>已禁止”，运行效果如下：

11             总结

Nginx基于SSL协议下，客户端利用 http basic身份验证，访问WebApi获得Token，通过Token值获取相应的权限数据，使系统的安全性有了保障，同时灵活运用Token身份令牌，可以实现时效性的数据访问。基于Token的身份验证，针对前后端分离有着很大的作用。例如手机移动端、平板电脑。

源代码下载：

http://download.csdn.net/download/ruby_matlab/10146669

PDF下载：

Nginx集群之SSL证书的WebApi令牌验证.pdf

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