2、django后端：课程表、课程详细表

1、课程表录入数据

有些人卖接口，接口就是数据

1、课程表

2张表+3张表

分布式数据库分表

数据库优化

垂直分表

1000w条数据，999w条数据不常看，经常查的1w条数据放在另一个表

水平分表

常用的列

2、model表

from django.db import models

# Create your models here.

class Course(models.Model):

    """

    课程表

    """

    title = models.CharField(verbose_name="课程名称", max_length=32)

    course_img = models.CharField(verbose_name="课程图片", max_length=64)

    level_choices = (

        (1, "初级"),

        (2, "中级"),

        (3, "高级")

    )

    level = models.IntegerField(verbose_name="课程难易程度", choices=level_choices, default=1)

    # admin中显示字段

    def __str__(self):

        return self.title

class CourseDetail(models.Model):

    """

    课程详细

    """

    course = models.OneToOneField(to='Course', on_delete=models.CASCADE)

    slogon = models.CharField(verbose_name="口号", max_length=255)

    why = models.CharField(verbose_name="为什么要学习？", max_length=255)

    recomme_courses = models.ManyToManyField(verbose_name="推荐课程", to='Course', related_name='rc')

    def __str__(self):

        return '课程详细' + self.course.title

class Chapter(models.Model):

    """

    章节

    """

    num = models.IntegerField(verbose_name='章节')

    name = models.CharField(verbose_name='章节名称', max_length=32)

    course = models.ForeignKey(verbose_name="所属课程", to='Course', on_delete=models.CASCADE)

    def __str__(self):

        return self.name

生成表结构报错

相同字段冲突

2个关联字段

__关联字段如何查找

反向关联字段

3、admin中显示

djano官网 https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/2.2/ref/contrib/admin/

from django.contrib import admin

from .models import Course, CourseDetail, Chapter

# Register your models here.

admin.site.register(Course)

admin.site.register(CourseDetail)

admin.site.register(Chapter)

创建超级用户

4、添加数据

2、课程列表接口

1、queryset与object序列化

queryset 里面是个对象

queryset是django的

json可以序列化的

2、Course表序列化，view

序列化

ret返回的数据

views

from rest_framework.views import APIView

from rest_framework.response import Response

from rest_framework import serializers

from api.models import Course

class CourseSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer):

    class Meta:

        model = Course      # model表

        fields = '__all__'  # 所有字段

class CourseView(APIView):

    def get(self, request, *args, **kwargs):

        ret = {'code': 1000, 'data': None}

        try:

            queryset = Course.objects.all()

            ser = CourseSerializer(instance=queryset, many=True)

            ret['data'] = ser.data

        except Exception as e:

            ret['code'] = 1001

            ret['error'] = '获取课程失败'

        return Response(ret)

效果

3、choices如何序列化：level

3、点击查看课程接口

1、方式1：view接受pk

from django.urls import path, include,re_path

from api.view import course

urlpatterns = [

    # 方式1

    path('course', course.CourseView.as_view()),

    re_path('course/(?P<pk>\d+)/$', course.CourseView.as_view())  # 正则 re_path

]

1.1 queryset与obj序列化

一个对象和多个对象

queryset 与 obj

many=False与many=Ture

from rest_framework.views import APIView

from rest_framework.response import Response

from rest_framework import serializers

from api.models import Course

class CourseSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer):

    class Meta:

        model = Course      # model表

        fields = '__all__'  # 所有字段

class CourseView(APIView):

    def get(self, request, *args, **kwargs):

        ret = {'code': 1000, 'data': None}

        try:

            pk = kwargs.get('pk')

            if pk:

                obj = Course.objects.filter(id=pk).first()

                print(obj)  # python全栈开发

                print(type(obj))    # <class 'api.models.Course'>

                ser = CourseSerializer(instance=obj, many=False)   # 序列化对象

            else:

                queryset = Course.objects.all()

                print(queryset)  # <QuerySet [<Course: python全栈开发>, <Course: 金融量化分析>, <Course: 智能玩具>]>

                print(type(queryset))  # <class 'django.db.models.query.QuerySet'>

                ser = CourseSerializer(instance=queryset, many=True)    # 序列化queryset

            ret['data'] = ser.data

        except Exception as e:

            ret['code'] = 1001

            ret['error'] = '获取课程失败'

        return Response(ret)

2、方式2：重写 as_view

2.1 view的流程

2.2 重写as_view()源码

2.3 代码:url与view

支持这种写法

from django.urls import path, include,re_path

from api.view import course

urlpatterns = [

    #方式2

    path('course', course.CourseView.as_view({'get': 'list'})),

    re_path('course/(?P<pk>\d+)/$', course.CourseView.as_view({'get': 'retreive'}))  # 正则 re_path

]

重写as_view方法

from rest_framework.views import APIView

from rest_framework.response import Response

from rest_framework import serializers

from api.models import Course

class CourseSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer):

    class Meta:

        model = Course      # model表

        fields = '__all__'  # 所有字段

# 方式2

from rest_framework.viewsets import ModelViewSet

from rest_framework.viewsets import GenericViewSet,ViewSetMixin

class CourseView(ViewSetMixin, APIView):

    def list(self,request,*args,**kwargs):

        """课程列表接口"""

        ret = {'code': 1000, 'data': None}

        try:

            queryset = Course.objects.all()

            ser = CourseSerializer(instance=queryset, many=True)  # 序列化queryset

            ret['data'] = ser.data

        except Exception as e:

            ret['code'] = 1001

            ret['error'] = '获取课程失败'

        return Response(ret)

    def retreive(self,request,*args,**kwargs):

        """课程详细接口"""

        ret = {'code': 1000, 'data': None}

        try:

            pk = kwargs.get('pk')

            obj = Course.objects.filter(id=pk).first()

            ser = CourseSerializer(instance=obj, many=False)  # 序列化对象

            ret['data'] = ser.data

        except Exception as e:

            ret['code'] = 1001

            ret['error'] = '获取课程失败'

        return Response(ret)

4、课程Detail接口

1、所有字段

2、depth：自动关联深度（不推荐）

depth 自动关联 0 1 2 3 （不推荐用）

官方建议 0~10 ，

3、自定义字段source：一对一，choices

关联字段 source

指定字段，用sorce

source跟数据库的某个字段绑定

level显示中文：get_level_display

自动帮我加（）

4、自定义method：多对多，一对多

（1）多对多

如何取出推荐课程？多对多

用all？

manytomany

自定义 2类

序列化，想要的字段

（2）反向取字段：一对多

只能获取一个课程数据

chapter_set.all()

5、代码与总结

1、总结与作业

2、as_view分析

# 方式2

from rest_framework.viewsets import ModelViewSet

'''

class View:

    def as_view(cls):

        pass

class APIView(View):

---------------------

class GenericAPIView(views.APIView):

class ViewSetMixin(object):

    # 重写as_view方法

    def as_view(cls, actions=None, **initkwargs):

        pass

---------------------

class GenericViewSet(ViewSetMixin, generics.GenericAPIView):

class ModelViewSet(GenericViewSet)

ModelViewSet

'''

3、序列化自定义与view

from rest_framework.views import APIView

from rest_framework.response import Response

from rest_framework import serializers

from api.models import Course,CourseDetail

class CourseSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer):

    # choices

    level = serializers.CharField(source='get_level_display')

    class Meta:

        model = Course      # model表

        # fields = '__all__'  # 所有字段

        fields = ['id','title','course_img','level']

class CourseDetailSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer):

    # one2one/外键/choices多选的

    title = serializers.CharField(source='course.title')

    img = serializers.CharField(source='course.course_img')

    level = serializers.CharField(source='course.get_level_display')  # level显示中文

    # many2many/one2many

    recommends = serializers.SerializerMethodField()

    # recommends = serializers.CharField(source='recomme_courses.all')  # <QuerySet [<Course: python全栈开发>]> queryset需要序列化

    chapter = serializers.SerializerMethodField()

    class Meta:

        model = CourseDetail

        fields = ['title','img','level','recommends','chapter','course', 'slogon', 'why']

        # fields = '__all__'

        # 不推荐用

        # depth = 2   # 默认0  官方建议0~10

    def get_recommends(self,obj):

        """获取所有推荐的课程"""

        queryset = obj.recomme_courses.all()

        # return []

        return [{'id':row.id, 'title':row.title} for row in queryset]

    def get_chapter(self,obj):

        queryset = obj.course.chapter_set.all()

        return [{'id':row.id, 'name':row.name} for row in queryset]

from rest_framework.viewsets import GenericViewSet,ViewSetMixin

class CourseView(ViewSetMixin, APIView):

    def list(self,request,*args,**kwargs):

        """课程列表接口"""

        ret = {'code': 1000, 'data': None}

        try:

            queryset = Course.objects.all()

            ser = CourseSerializer(instance=queryset, many=True)  # 序列化queryset

            ret['data'] = ser.data

        except Exception as e:

            ret['code'] = 1001

            ret['error'] = '获取课程失败'

        return Response(ret)

    def retreive(self,request,*args,**kwargs):

        """课程详细接口"""

        ret = {'code': 1000, 'data': None}

        try:

            pk = kwargs.get('pk')  # 课程id=2

            obj = CourseDetail.objects.filter(id=pk).first()   # 课程详细对象

            ser = CourseDetailSerializer(instance=obj, many=False)  # 序列化对象

            ret['data'] = ser.data

        except Exception as e:

            ret['code'] = 1001

            ret['error'] = '获取课程失败'

        return Response(ret)

巴特西