XFS是扩展性高、高性能的文件系统。也是rhel7/centos7的默认文件系统。
XFS支持metadata journaling,这使其能从crash中更快速的恢复。
它也支持在挂载和活动的状态下进行碎片整理和扩容。
通过延迟分配，XFS 赢得了许多机会来优化写性能。
可通过工具xfsdump和xfsrestore来备份和恢复xfs文件系统，
xfsdump可使用dump级别来完成增量备份，还可通过size,subtree,inode flags来排除文件。
也支持user、group、project配额。

下面将介绍如何创建xfs文件系统，分配配额以及对其扩容:
###############################################################################
将/dev/sdb分区（2G），并启动LVM功能

[root@localhost zhongq]#parted /dev/sdb

GNU Parted 3.1

Using /dev/sdb

Welcome to GNU Parted! Type 'help' to view a list of commands.

(parted) mkpart primary 4 2048

(parted) set 1 lvm on

(parted) p

Model: VMware, VMware Virtual S (scsi)

Disk /dev/sdb: 2147MB

Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/512B

Partition Table: gpt

Disk Flags: 

Number  Start   End     Size    File system  Name     Flags

 1      4194kB  2048MB  2044MB               primary  lvm

###############################################################################
创建PV

[root@localhost zhongq]# pvcreate /dev/sdb1

  Physical volume "/dev/sdb1" successfully created

[root@localhost zhongq]# pvdisplay

  --- Physical volume ---

  PV Name               /dev/sda2

  VG Name               centos

  PV Size               24.51 GiB / not usable 3.00 MiB

  Allocatable           yes (but full)

  PE Size               4.00 MiB

  Total PE              6274

  Free PE               0

  Allocated PE          6274

  PV UUID               9hp8U7-IJM6-bwbP-G9Vn-IVuJ-yvE8-AkFjcB

  "/dev/sdb1" is a new physical volume of "1.90 GiB"

  --- NEW Physical volume ---

  PV Name               /dev/sdb1

  VG Name

  PV Size               1.90 GiB

  Allocatable           NO

  PE Size               0

  Total PE              0

  Free PE               0

  Allocated PE          0

  PV UUID               bu7yIH-1440-BPy1-APG2-FpvX-ejLS-2MIlA8

###############################################################################
将/dev/sdb1分配到名为xfsgroup00的VG

[root@localhost zhongq]# vgcreate  xfsgroup00 /dev/sdb1

 Volume group "xfsgroup00" successfully created

[root@localhost zhongq]# vgdisplay

 --- Volume group ---

  VG Name               centos

  System ID

  Format                lvm2

  Metadata Areas        1

  Metadata Sequence No  3

  VG Access             read/write

  VG Status             resizable

  MAX LV                0

  Cur LV                2

  Open LV               2

  Max PV                0

  Cur PV                1

  Act PV                1

  VG Size               24.51 GiB

  PE Size               4.00 MiB

  Total PE              6274

  Alloc PE / Size       6274 / 24.51 GiB

  Free  PE / Size       0 / 0

  VG UUID               T3Ryyg-R0rn-2i5r-7L5o-AZKG-yFkh-CDzhKm

  --- Volume group ---

  VG Name               xfsgroup00

  System ID

  Format                lvm2

  Metadata Areas        1

  Metadata Sequence No  1

  VG Access             read/write

  VG Status             resizable

  MAX LV                0

  Cur LV                0

  Open LV               0

  Max PV                0

  Cur PV                1

  Act PV                1

  VG Size               1.90 GiB

  PE Size               4.00 MiB

  Total PE              487

  Alloc PE / Size       0 / 0

  Free  PE / Size       487 / 1.90 GiB

  VG UUID               ejuwcc-sVES-MWWB-3Mup-n1wB-Kd0g-u7jm0H

###############################################################################
使用命令lvcreate来创建xfsgroup00组大小为1G的名为xfsdata的LV

[root@localhost zhongq]# lvcreate -L 1024M -n xfsdata xfsgroup00

WARNING: xfs signature detected on /dev/xfsgroup00/xfsdata at offset 0. Wipe it? [y/n] y

  Wiping xfs signature on /dev/xfsgroup00/xfsdata.

  Logical volume "xfsdata" created

[root@localhost zhongq]# lvdisplay

  --- Logical volume ---

  LV Path                /dev/centos/swap

  LV Name                swap

  VG Name                centos

  LV UUID                EnW3at-KlFG-XGaQ-DOoH-cGPP-8pSf-teSVbh

  LV Write Access        read/write

  LV Creation host, time localhost, 2014-08-18 20:15:25 +0800

  LV Status              available

  # open                 2

  LV Size                2.03 GiB

  Current LE             520

  Segments               1

  Allocation             inherit

  Read ahead sectors     auto

  - currently set to     8192

  Block device           253:0

  --- Logical volume ---

  LV Path                /dev/centos/root

  LV Name                root

  VG Name                centos

  LV UUID                zmZGkv-Ln4W-B8AY-oDnD-BEk2-6VWL-L0cZOv

  LV Write Access        read/write

  LV Creation host, time localhost, 2014-08-18 20:15:26 +0800

  LV Status              available

  # open                 1

  LV Size                22.48 GiB

  Current LE             5754

  Segments               1

  Allocation             inherit

  Read ahead sectors     auto

  - currently set to     8192

  Block device           253:1

  --- Logical volume ---

  LV Path                /dev/xfsgroup00/xfsdata

  LV Name                xfsdata

  VG Name                xfsgroup00

  LV UUID                O4yvoY-XGcD-0zPm-eilR-3JJP-updU-rRCSlJ

  LV Write Access        read/write

  LV Creation host, time localhost.localdomain, 2014-09-23 15:50:19 +0800

  LV Status              available

  # open                 0

  LV Size                1.00 GiB

  Current LE             256

  Segments               1

  Allocation             inherit

  Read ahead sectors     auto

  - currently set to     8192

  Block device           253:3

###############################################################################
格式化分区为xfs文件系统。
注意：xfs被创建后，其size将无法缩小，但可以通过xfs_growfs来增大

[root@localhost zhongq]# mkfs.xfs /dev/xfsgroup00/xfsdata

meta-data=/dev/xfsgroup00/xfsdata isize=256    agcount=4, agsize=65536 blks

         =                       sectsz=512   attr=2, projid32bit=1

         =                       crc=0

data     =                       bsize=4096   blocks=262144, imaxpct=25

         =                       sunit=0      swidth=0 blks

naming   =version 2              bsize=4096   ascii-ci=0 ftype=0

log      =internal log           bsize=4096   blocks=2560, version=2

         =                       sectsz=512   sunit=0 blks, lazy-count=1

realtime =none                   extsz=4096   blocks=0, rtextents=0

###############################################################################
挂载xfs系统分区到指定目录，并通过参数uquota,gquota开启文件系统配额。

[root@localhost zhongq]# mkdir /xfsdata

[root@localhost zhongq]# mount -o uquota,gquota /dev/xfsgroup00/xfsdata /xfsdata

[root@localhost zhongq]# chmod 777 /xfsdata

[root@localhost zhongq]# mount|grep xfsdata

/dev/mapper/xfsgroup00-xfsdata on /xfsdata type xfs (rw,relatime,attr2,inode64,usrquota,grpquota)

###############################################################################
使用xfs_quota命令来查看配额信息以及为用户和目录分配配额，并验证配额限制是否生效。

[root@localhost zhongq]# xfs_quota -x -c 'report' /xfsdata

User quota on /xfsdata (/dev/mapper/xfsgroup00-xfsdata)

                               Blocks

User ID          Used       Soft       Hard    Warn/Grace

---------- --------------------------------------------------

root                0          0          0     00 [--------]

Group quota on /xfsdata (/dev/mapper/xfsgroup00-xfsdata)

                               Blocks

Group ID         Used       Soft       Hard    Warn/Grace

---------- --------------------------------------------------

root                0          0          0     00 [--------]

[root@localhost zhongq]# xfs_quota -x -c 'limit bsoft=100M bhard=120M zhongq' /xfsdata

[root@localhost zhongq]#xfs_quota -x -c 'report' /xfsdata

User quota on /xfsdata (/dev/mapper/xfsgroup00-xfsdata)

                               Blocks

User ID          Used       Soft       Hard    Warn/Grace

---------- --------------------------------------------------

root                0          0          0     00 [--------]

zhongq              0     102400     122880     00 [--------]

Group quota on /xfsdata (/dev/mapper/xfsgroup00-xfsdata)

                               Blocks

Group ID         Used       Soft       Hard    Warn/Grace

---------- --------------------------------------------------

root                0          0          0     00 [--------]

[root@localhost zhongq]# su zhongq

[zhongq@localhost ~]$ dd if=/dev/zero of=/xfsdata/zq00 bs=1M count=100

100+0 records in

100+0 records out

104857600 bytes (105 MB) copied, 28.9833 s, 3.6 MB/s

[zhongq@localhost ~]$ dd if=/dev/zero of=/xfsdata/zq01 bs=1M count=100

dd: error writing ‘/xfsdata/zq01’: Disk quota exceeded

21+0 records in

20+0 records out

20971520 bytes (21 MB) copied, 4.18921 s, 5.0 MB/s

[zhongq@localhost ~]$ exit

[root@localhost zhongq]# xfs_quota

xfs_quota> help

df [-bir] [-hn] [-f file] -- show free and used counts for blocks and inodes

help [command] -- help for one or all commands

print -- list known mount points and projects

quit -- exit the program

quota [-bir] [-gpu] [-hnNv] [-f file] [id|name]... -- show usage and limits

Use 'help commandname' for extended help.

xfs_quota> print

Filesystem          Pathname

/                   /dev/mapper/centos-root

/boot               /dev/sda1

/var/lib/docker     /dev/mapper/centos-root

/xfsdata            /dev/mapper/xfsgroup00-xfsdata (uquota, gquota)

xfs_quota> quota -u zhongq

Disk quotas for User zhongq (1000)

Filesystem                        Blocks      Quota      Limit  Warn/Time      Mounted on

/dev/mapper/xfsgroup00-xfsdata    122880     102400     122880   00  [6 days]   /xfsdata

###############################################################################
先使用命令lvextend将LV扩展为1.5G(初始容量是1G)，然后使用命令xfs_growfs来对xfs文件系统扩容（这里以block计数）

[root@localhost zhongq]# lvextend -L 1.5G /dev/xfsgroup00/xfsdata

  Extending logical volume xfsdata to 1.50 GiB

  Logical volume xfsdata successfully resized

[root@localhost zhongq]# xfs_growfs /dev/xfsgroup00/xfsdata -D 393216

meta-data=/dev/mapper/xfsgroup00-xfsdata isize=256    agcount=4, agsize=65536 blks

         =                       sectsz=512   attr=2, projid32bit=1

         =                       crc=0

data     =                       bsize=4096   blocks=262144, imaxpct=25

         =                       sunit=0      swidth=0 blks

naming   =version 2              bsize=4096   ascii-ci=0 ftype=0

log      =internal               bsize=4096   blocks=2560, version=2

         =                       sectsz=512   sunit=0 blks, lazy-count=1

realtime =none                   extsz=4096   blocks=0, rtextents=0

data blocks changed from 262144 to 393216

[root@localhost zhongq]# df -h|grep xfsdata

/dev/mapper/xfsgroup00-xfsdata  1.5G  153M  1.4G  10% /xfsdata

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