7.python模块补充

此文章是对上节文章模块的补充

一，xml模块

xml是实现不同语言或程序之间进行数据交换的协议，可扩展标记语言，标准通用标记语言的子集，是一种用于标记电子文件使其具有结构性的标记语言。xml的格式如下，就是通过<>节点来区别数据结构的:

<?xml version="1.0"?>

<data>

<country name="Liechtenstein">

<rank updated="yes">2</rank>

<year>2008</year>

<gdppc>141100</gdppc>

<neighbor name="Austria" direction="E"/>

<neighbor name="Switzerland" direction="W"/>

</country>

<country name="Singapore">

<rank updated="yes">5</rank>

<year>2011</year>

<gdppc>59900</gdppc>

<neighbor name="Malaysia" direction="N"/>

</country>

<country name="Panama">

<rank updated="yes">69</rank>

<year>2011</year>

<gdppc>13600</gdppc>

<neighbor name="Costa Rica" direction="W"/>

<neighbor name="Colombia" direction="E"/>

</country>

</data>

python模块解析xml

导入模块别名ET

import xml.etree.ElementTree as ET

tree = ET.parse("test.xml")

root = tree.getroot()

#显示父节点

print(root.tag)

#遍历xml文档

for child in root:

print(child.tag, child.attrib)

for i in child:

print(i.tag,i.text)

#只遍历year 节点

for node in root.iter('year'):

print(node.tag,node.text)

使用模块创建xml文件

import xml.etree.ElementTree as ET

new_xml = ET.Element("namelist")

name = ET.SubElement(new_xml,"name",attrib={"enrolled":"yes"})

age = ET.SubElement(name,"age",attrib={"checked":"no"})

sex = ET.SubElement(name,"sex")

sex.text = '33'

name2 = ET.SubElement(new_xml,"name",attrib={"enrolled":"no"})

age = ET.SubElement(name2,"age")

age.text = '19'

et = ET.ElementTree(new_xml) #生成文档对象

et.write("test.xml", encoding="utf-8",xml_declaration=True)

ET.dump(new_xml) #打印生成的格式

修改或者删除

import xml.etree.ElementTree as ET

tree = ET.parse("xmltest.xml")

root = tree.getroot()

#修改

for node in root.iter('year'):

new_year = int(node.text) + 1

node.text = str(new_year)

node.set("updated","yes")

tree.write("xmltest.xml")

#删除node

for country in root.findall('country'):

rank = int(country.find('rank').text)

if rank > 50:

root.remove(country)

tree.write('output.xml')

二、shutil

高级的文件、文件夹、压缩包处理模块

import shutil

#将文件内容拷贝到另一个文件中，可以部分内容

with open('log.log','r') as file1,open('test_con','w') as file2:

shutil.copyfileobj('file1','file2')

#拷贝文件

shutil.copyfile('log.log','log')

#拷贝文件权限

shutil.copymode('log.log','log')

shutil.copystat(src, dst)

#拷贝状态的信息，包括：mode bits, atime, mtime, flags

shutil.copy(src, dst)

#拷贝文件和权限

shutil.copy2(src, dst)

#拷贝文件和状态信息

#将 /opt/test 下的文件打包放置当前程序目录

import shutil

ret = shutil.make_archive("wwwwwwwwww", 'gztar', root_dir='/opt/test')

#将 /opt/test 下的文件打包放置 /root/目录

import shutil

ret = shutil.make_archive("/root", 'gztar', root_dir='/opt/test')

shutil 对压缩包的处理是调用 ZipFile 和 TarFile 两个模块来进行的，详细：

import zipfile

# 压缩

z = zipfile.ZipFile('laxi.zip', 'w')

z.write('a.log')

z.write('data.data')

z.close()

# 解压

z = zipfile.ZipFile('laxi.zip', 'r')

z.extractall()

z.close()

import tarfile

# 压缩

tar = tarfile.open('your.tar','w')

tar.add('/Users/wupeiqi/PycharmProjects/bbs2.zip', arcname='bbs2.zip')

tar.add('/Users/wupeiqi/PycharmProjects/cmdb.zip', arcname='cmdb.zip')

tar.close()

# 解压

tar = tarfile.open('your.tar','r')

tar.extractall() # 可设置解压地址

tar.close()

复制代码

来自为知笔记(Wiz)

巴特西

7.python模块补充

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