第十讲(LINQ)
2024-08-29 09:36:55
一、.LINQ查询 例如: static void LINQQuery() { var query = from r in Formula1.GetChampions() where r.Country == "Brazil" orderby r.Wins descending select r; foreach (var r in query) { Console.WriteLine("{0:A}", r); } } .扩展方法 扩展方法在静态类中声明,定义为一个静态方法。其中第一个参数定义了他扩展的类型,并且需要带this关键字。 IEnumerable类中存在扩展方法Where()、OrderbyDescending()和Select().这些方法都返回IEnumerable<TSource>. 例如: static void ExtensionMethods() { var champions = new List<Racer>(Formula1.GetChampions()); IEnumerable<Racer> brazilChampions = champions.Where(r => r.Country == "Brazil"). OrderByDescending(r => r.Wins). Select(r => r); foreach (Racer r in brazilChampions) { Console.WriteLine("{0:A}", r); } } .推迟查询的执行 在运行期间定义查询表达式时,查询就不会运行。查询会在迭代数据项时运行。 .标准的查询操作符 )筛选:where 子句 static void Filtering() { var racers = from r in Formula1.GetChampions() && (r.Country == "Brazil" || r.Country == "Austria") select r; foreach (var r in racers) { Console.WriteLine("{0:A}", r); } } )用索引筛选:在where()方法的重载中,可以传递第二个参数————索引。 例如返回姓氏以A开头、索引为偶数的赛手: static void IndexFiltering() { var racers = Formula1.GetChampions(). Where((r, index) => r.LastName.StartsWith( != ); foreach (var r in racers) { Console.WriteLine("{0:A}", r); } } )类型筛选:基于类型的筛选,可以使用OfType()扩展方法。 static void TypeFiltering() { , , }; var query = data.OfType<string>(); foreach (var s in query) { Console.WriteLine(s); } } )复合的from子句 static void CompoundFrom() { var ferrariDrivers = from r in Formula1.GetChampions() from c in r.Cars where c == "Ferrari" orderby r.LastName select r.FirstName + " " + r.LastName; foreach (var racer in ferrariDrivers) { Console.WriteLine(racer); } } )分组 使用linq语法 static void Grouping() { var countries = from r in Formula1.GetChampions() group r by r.Country into g orderby g.Count() descending, g.Key select new { Country = g.Key, Count = g.Count() }; foreach (var item in countries) { Console.WriteLine("{0, -10} {1}", item.Country, item.Count); } } 使用扩展方法 static void Grouping() { var countries = from r in Formula1.GetChampions() group r by r.Country into g orderby g.Count() descending, g.Key select new { Country = g.Key, Count = g.Count() }; foreach (var item in countries) { Console.WriteLine("{0, -10} {1}", item.Country, item.Count); } } .对嵌套的对象分组 static void GroupingWithNestedObjects() { var countries = from r in Formula1.GetChampions() group r by r.Country into g orderby g.Count() descending, g.Key select new { Country = g.Key, Count = g.Count(), Racers = from r1 in g orderby r1.LastName select r1.FirstName + " " + r1.LastName }; foreach (var item in countries) { Console.WriteLine("{0, -10} {1}", item.Country, item.Count); foreach (var name in item.Racers) { Console.Write("{0}; ", name); } Console.WriteLine(); } } . 连接 static void Join() { var racers = from r in Formula1.GetChampions() from y in r.Years select new { Year = y, Name = r.FirstName + " " + r.LastName }; var teams = from t in Formula1.GetContructorChampions() from y in t.Years select new { Year = y, Name = t.Name }; var racersAndTeams = from r in racers join t in teams on r.Year equals t.Year select new { Year = r.Year, Racer = r.Name, Team = t.Name }; Console.WriteLine("Year Champion " + "Constructor Title"); foreach (var item in racersAndTeams) { Console.WriteLine("{0}: {1,-20} {2}", item.Year, item.Racer, item.Team); } } .集合操作 扩展方法Distinctt()、Union()、Intersect()和Except()都是集合操作。 static void SetOperations() { Func<string, IEnumerable<Racer>> racersByCar = car => from r in Formula1.GetChampions() from c in r.Cars where c == car orderby r.LastName select r; Console.WriteLine("World champion with Ferrari and McLaren"); foreach (var racer in racersByCar("Ferrari").Intersect(racersByCar("McLaren"))) { Console.WriteLine(racer); } } .合并 Zip()方法,需要把第二个集合作为方法的第一个参数,第二个参数的类型时Func<TFirst,TSecond,TResult>。它通过参数first接收第一个集合的元素,通过参数second接收第二个集合的元素。 static void ZipOperation() { var racerNames = from r in Formula1.GetChampions() where r.Country == "Italy" orderby r.Wins descending select new { Name = r.FirstName + " " + r.LastName }; var racerNamesAndStarts = from r in Formula1.GetChampions() where r.Country == "Italy" orderby r.Wins descending select new { LastName = r.LastName, Starts = r.Starts }; var racers = racerNames.Zip(racerNamesAndStarts, (first, second) => first.Name + ", starts: " + second.Starts); foreach (var r in racers) { Console.WriteLine(r); } } .分区 扩展方法Take()和Skip()等的分区操作可用于分页。 static void Partitioning() { ; int numberPages = (int)Math.Ceiling(Formula1.GetChampions().Count() / (double)pageSize); ; page < numberPages; page++) { Console.WriteLine("Page {0}", page); var racers = (from r in Formula1.GetChampions() orderby r.LastName select r.FirstName + " " + r.LastName). Skip(page * pageSize).Take(pageSize); foreach (var name in racers) { Console.WriteLine(name); } Console.WriteLine(); } } .聚合操作符 如Count()、Sum()、Min()、Max()、Average()和Aggregate()不返回一个序列,而返回一个值。 例如sum()函数的用法: static void Aggregate2() { var countries = (from c in from r in Formula1.GetChampions() group r by r.Country into c select new { Country = c.Key, Wins = (from r1 in c select r1.Wins).Sum() } orderby c.Wins descending, c.Country ); foreach (var country in countries) { Console.WriteLine("{0} {1}", country.Country, country.Wins); } } .生成操作符 有时需要填充一个范围的数字,应使用Range()方法。这个方法把第一个参数作为起始值,第二个参数作为要填充的项数。 Empty()方法返回一个不返回值的迭代器,他可以用于一个集合的参数,可以跟参数传递空集合。 Repeate()方法返回一个迭代器,该迭代器吧同一个值重复特定的次数。 二、并行LINQ .分区器:使用AsParallel()可以创建 static void IntroParallel() { ; var data = new int[arraySize]; var r = new Random(); ; i < arraySize; i++) { data[i] = r.Next(); } Stopwatch watch = new Stopwatch(); watch.Start(); var q1 = (from x in Partitioner.Create(data).AsParallel() select x).Sum(); watch.Stop(); Console.WriteLine(watch.ElapsedMilliseconds); } .要取消长时间运行的查询,可以给查询添加WithCancellation()方法,并传递一个CancellationToken令牌作为参数。CancellationToken令牌cong CancellationTokenSource类中创建。 在主线程中调用CancellationTokenSource类的Cancel()方法可以取消任务。 static void Cancellation() { ; var data = new int[arraySize]; var r = new Random(); ; i < arraySize; i++) { data[i] = r.Next(); } var cts = new CancellationTokenSource(); new Thread(() => { try { var sum = (from x in data.AsParallel().WithCancellation(cts.Token) select x).Sum(); Console.WriteLine("query finished, sum: {0}", sum); } catch (OperationCanceledException ex) { Console.WriteLine(ex.Message); } }).Start(); Console.WriteLine("query started"); Console.Write("cancel? "); int input = Console.Read(); if (input == 'Y' || input == 'y') { // cancel! cts.Cancel(); } }
最新文章
- EF外键关联
- K-邻近算法
- 选择年份 php的写法要比js简洁一些
- iphone判断当前网络连接类型
- Centos下删除文件名乱码文件
- Windows Phone开发(30):图形
- ios 串
- linux培训笔记1
- SQL 之存储过程
- Mac下安装php5.6/7.1
- DirectX11--HLSL编译着色器的三种方法
- day26 面向对象 单例模式总结
- window.scroll原生滚动
- LA 4992 Jungle Outpost(半平面交)
- 不错位的java .class 反编译工具推荐
- 6-20 No Less Than X in BST(20 分)
- bzoj 1816 二分
- js 跨域 之 修改服务器配置-XAMPP-Apache (nginx 拉到最后!)
- java NIO学前准备
- python基础7 - 函数2
热门文章
- 蚁群算法简介(part 1:蚁群算法之绪论)
- Xcode7 *** does not contain bitcode. You must rebuild it with bitcode enabled (Xcode setting ENABLE_BITCODE)
- UIScrollView(滚动视图)
- Freemarker中日期时间格式出错
- github项目配置
- an interview question(3)
- DOM常用操作总结
- nginx 支持laravel 5.3配置
- 基于注解的Spring AOP的配置和使用
- 从resfful API设计到加密算法